The transmembrane protein HER2, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family of tyrosinekinase, plays important roles in many fundamental cellular processes as well as the pathogenesis of manycancers. In this work, we have applied the single-molecule fluorescence microscopic method to study lateralmobility change of HER2 on activation by imaging and tracking individual GFP-tagged HER2 molecules onthe membrane of living cells. The single HER2 molecules displayed different diffusion rates and modes. Itwas interesting to find that the mobility of HER2 increased upon stimulation by heregulin
1, the specificligand of HER3. The faster diffusion was related to the tyrosine phosphorylation of HER2 or EGFR. Theresults provided new information for the understanding of HER2 activation and molecular mechanism ofsignal transduction through HER2/HER3 heterodimerization.