Territorial pattern formation in the absence of an attractive potential

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• 作者：Jonathan R. Potts ; Mark A. Lewis
• 关键词：Advection–diffusion ; Animal movement ; Home range ; Individual based models ; Mathematical ecology ; Partial differential equations ; Pattern formation ; Territoriality ; 35B36 ; 92B05
• 刊名：Journal of Mathematical Biology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：72
• 期：1-2
• 页码：25-46
• 全文大小：915 KB
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• 作者单位：Jonathan R. Potts (1)
  Mark A. Lewis (2)
  
  1. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
  2. Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Centre for Mathematical Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
  
• 刊物类别：Mathematics and Statistics
• 刊物主题：Mathematics
  Mathematical Biology
  Applications of Mathematics
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-1416

文摘

Territoriality is a phenomenon exhibited throughout nature. On the individual level, it is the processes by which organisms exclude others of the same species from certain parts of space. On the population level, it is the segregation of space into separate areas, each used by subsections of the population. Proving mathematically that such individual-level processes can cause observed population-level patterns to form is necessary for linking these two levels of description in a non-speculative way. Previous mathematical analysis has relied upon assuming animals are attracted to a central area. This can either be a fixed geographical point, such as a den- or nest-site, or a region where they have previously visited. However, recent simulation-based studies suggest that this attractive potential is not necessary for territorial pattern formation. Here, we construct a partial differential equation (PDE) model of territorial interactions based on the individual-based model (IBM) from those simulation studies. The resulting PDE does not rely on attraction to spatial locations, but purely on conspecific avoidance, mediated via scent-marking. We show analytically that steady-state patterns can form, as long as (i) the scent does not decay faster than it takes the animal to traverse the terrain, and (ii) the spatial scale over which animals detect scent is incorporated into the PDE. As part of the analysis, we develop a general method for taking the PDE limit of an IBM that avoids destroying any intrinsic spatial scale in the underlying behavioral decisions. Keywords Advection–diffusion Animal movement Home range Individual based models Mathematical ecology Partial differential equations Pattern formation Territoriality