In vivo and in situ synchrotron radiation-based μ-XRF reveals elemental distributions during the early attachment phase of barnacle larvae and juvenile barnacles

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• 作者：Tobias Senkbeil ; Tawheed Mohamed ; Rolf Simon…
• 关键词：Barnacles ; Biological adhesive ; Elemental imaging ; Marine biofouling ; Synchrotron ; μ ; XRF
• 刊名：Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：408
• 期：5
• 页码：1487-1496
• 全文大小：7,436 KB
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• 作者单位：Tobias Senkbeil (1) (2)
  Tawheed Mohamed (1) (3) (4)
  Rolf Simon (5)
  David Batchelor (5)
  Alessio Di Fino (6)
  Nick Aldred (6)
  Anthony S. Clare (6)
  Axel Rosenhahn (2)
  
  1. Institute of Functional Interfaces, KIT Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
  2. Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150 NC4, 44801, Bochum, Germany
  3. Applied Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
  4. Institute of Physics and Technology, International X-ray Optics Lab, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), 30, Lenin ave., Tomsk, 634050, Russia
  5. ANKA Synchrotronstrahlungsquelle, KIT Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
  6. School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
  
• 刊物类别：Chemistry and Materials Science
• 刊物主题：Chemistry
  Analytical Chemistry
  Food Science
  Inorganic Chemistry
  Physical Chemistry
  Monitoring, Environmental Analysis and Environmental Ecotoxicology
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1618-2650

文摘

Barnacles are able to establish stable surface contacts and adhere underwater. While the composition of adult barnacle cement has been intensively studied, far less is known about the composition of the cement of the settlement-stage cypris larva. The main challenge in studying the adhesives used by these larvae is the small quantity of material available for analysis, being on the order of nanograms. In this work, we applied, for the first time, synchrotron radiation-based μ-X-ray fluorescence analysis (SR-μ-XRF) for in vivo and in situ analysis of young barnacles and barnacle cyprids. To obtain biologically relevant information relating to the body tissues, adhesives, and shell of the organisms, an in situ sample environment was developed to allow direct microprobe investigation of hydrated specimens without pretreatment of the samples. In 8-day-old juvenile barnacles (Balanus improvisus), the junctions between the six plates forming the shell wall showed elevated concentrations of calcium, potassium, bromine, strontium, and manganese. Confocal measurements allowed elemental characterization of the adhesive interface of recently attached cyprids (Balanus amphitrite), and substantiated the accumulation of bromine both at the point of initial attachment as well as within the cyprid carapace. In situ measurements of the cyprid cement established the presence of bromine, chlorine, iodine, sulfur, copper, iron, zinc, selenium, and nickel for both species. The previously unrecognized presence of bromine, iron, and selenium in the cyprid permanent adhesive will hopefully inspire further biochemical investigations of the function of these substances.