Direct and indirect costs associated with ankylosing spondylitis and related disease activity scores in Turkey

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• 作者：Nurullah Akko? ; Haner Direskeneli ; Hakan Erdem ; Ahmet Gül…
• 关键词：Ankylosing spondylitis ; Direct costs ; Indirect costs ; Turkey
• 刊名：Rheumatology International
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：September 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：35
• 期：9
• 页码：1473-1478
• 全文大小：392 KB
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• 作者单位：Nurullah Akko? (1)
  Haner Direskeneli (2)
  Hakan Erdem (3)
  Ahmet Gül (4)
  Yasemin Kabasakal (5)
  Sedat Kiraz (6)
  Dilara Balkan Tezer (7)
  Ba?ak Hac?bedel (7)
  Vedat Hamuryudan (8)
  
  1. Division of Rheumatology and Immunulogy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Kültür Mh., Cumhuriyet Blv No: 144, 35210, Konak, Izmir, Turkey
  2. Department of Rheumatology, Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
  3. Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
  4. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
  5. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
  6. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
  7. Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Istanbul, Turkey
  8. Division of Rheumatology, Depertmant of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpa?a Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
  
• 刊物主题：Rheumatology;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1437-160X

文摘

This study assessed quality of life, direct and indirect healthcare costs related to ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This study included 650 prevalent AS patients visiting seven centers at tertiary healthcare institutions in Turkey who were interviewed using a standard questionnaire to determine annual direct and indirect healthcare costs. Eligible patients were age ?8?years with AS for at least 12?months. Direct costs were categorized as inpatient, outpatient and pharmacy, and AS-related consultation. Indirect costs were categorized as workday loss, additional AS-related costs, and caregiver costs. Clinical outcome measures were obtained, including Patients-Global Disease Activity (Pt-GDA); visual analog scale (Pain-VAS) for pain; Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Functional Index (BASFI), and Metrology Index (BASMI) scores, and EuroQoL 5 dimension (EQ-5D) health status survey scores. Mean (?,335.20) and median (?,671.00) annual costs per patient were calculated. Pharmacy costs (?,032.73) were highest among overall expenditures, followed by additional AS-related consultation (?,480.38), outpatient (?25.02), and inpatient costs (?9.98). Over half of AS patients (54.8?%) experienced work loss. Related average annual costs were ?14.16, based on income level. 10.3?% of AS patients incurred an additional ?,008.07 in 1?year. 6.8?% of patients required caregivers and incurred ?78.70 in average annual patient paid costs. Mean Pt-GDA, Pain-VAS, EQ-5D, BASDAI, BASFI, and BASMI scores were 4.4, 40.5, 62.7, 3.6, 3.1, and 2.9, respectively. Direct and indirect AS-related costs are high and represent a considerable economic burden on Turkish AS patients.