Haloperidol and Risperidone at high concentrations activate an in vitro inflammatory response of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by induction of apoptosis and modification of cytokine levels

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• 作者：Ivo Emílio da Cruz Jung ; Alencar Kolinski Machado…
• 关键词：Antipsychotic drugs ; Apoptosis ; Inflammation ; Cytokines ; Obesity ; Endocrine disturbances
• 刊名：Psychopharmacology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：May 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：233
• 期：9
• 页码：1715-1723
• 全文大小：684 KB
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• 作者单位：Ivo Emílio da Cruz Jung (1)
  Alencar Kolinski Machado (1)
  Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz (1)
  Fernanda Barbisan (1)
  Verônica Farina Azzolin (1)
  Thiago Duarte (1)
  Marta Maria Medeiros Frescura Duarte (2)
  Pedro Antônio Schmidt do Prado-Lima (3)
  Guilherme Vargas Bochi (4)
  Gustavo Scola (5)
  Rafael Noal Moresco (1) (4)
  
  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av Roraima 1000, Prédio 21, 97105900, Santa Maria, Brazil
  2. Universidade Luterana do Brasil, BR 287, Km 252, Trevo Maneco Pedroso, Boca do Monte, 97020-001, Santa Maria, Brazil
  3. Instituto do Cérebro, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av Ipiranga, 6690, 90600-00, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  4. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av Roraima 1000, 97105900, Santa Maria, Brazil
  5. Departament of Psychiatry, Toronto University, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Biomedicine
  Pharmacology and Toxicology
  Psychiatry
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-2072

文摘

Antipsychotic drugs, such as haloperidol and risperidone, are used in long-term treatment of psychiatric patients and thus increase the risk of obesity and other metabolic dysfunctions. Available evidence suggests that these drugs have pro-inflammatory effect, which contributes to the establishment of endocrine disturbances. However, results yielded by extant studies are inconsistent. Therefore, in this work, we tested the in vitro effects of different high concentrations of haloperidol and risperidone on the activation of isolated macrophages (RAW 264.7 cell line). The results indicated that macrophages were activated by both drugs. In addition, the activation involved an increase in nitric oxide levels and apoptosis events by modulation of caspases 8 and 3 levels and a decrease of the Bcl-2/BAX gene expression ratio. Cells treated with haloperidol and risperidone also presented higher concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα) and low levels of IL-6 anti-inflammatory cytokine in a dose-dependent manner. Despite the limitation of cell line studies based solely on macrophages cells, we suggest that antipsychotic drugs could potentially exacerbate inflammatory processes in peripheral tissues (blood and fat). The continued activation of macrophages could contribute to the development of obesity and other endocrine disturbances caused by the use of antipsychotic drugs.