A correlated shortening of the North and South American monsoon seasons in the past few decades

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• 作者：Paola A. Arias ; Rong Fu ; Carolina Vera ; Maisa Rojas
• 关键词：Southern Amazon wet season ; North American monsoon ; South American monsoon ; North Atlantic subtropical high ; Cross ; equatorial flow ; Global warming
• 刊名：Climate Dynamics
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：45
• 期：11-12
• 页码：3183-3203
• 全文大小：2,941 KB
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• 作者单位：Paola A. Arias (1) (2)
  Rong Fu (3)
  Carolina Vera (4)
  Maisa Rojas (2)
  
  1. Grupo de Ingeniería y Gestión Ambiental (GIGA), Escuela Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 # 53-108, Bloque 20, Oficina 441, A. A. 1226, Medellín, Colombia
  2. Departamento de Geofísica, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
  3. Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
  4. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera, CONICET-UBA, DCAO/FCEN, UMI, IFAECI/CNRS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Geophysics and Geodesy
  Meteorology and Climatology
  Oceanography
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-0894

文摘

Our observational analysis shows that the wet seasons of the American monsoon systems have shortened since 1978 due to correlated earlier retreats of the North American monsoon (NAM) and late onsets of the southern Amazon wet season, an important part of the South American monsoon (SAM). These changes are related to the combination of the global sea surface temperature (SST) warming mode, the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), the westward shift of the North Atlantic subtropical high (NASH), and the enhancement of Pacific South American and Pacific North American wave train patterns, which induces variations of the regional circulation at interannual and decadal scales. The joint contributions from these forcing factors are associated with a stronger and more equatorward regional Hadley cell, which enhances convergence towards the equator, strengthening and possibly delaying the retreat of the tropical part of the NAM. This in turn accelerates the demise of the northern NAM and delays the reversal of the cross-equatorial flow over South America, reducing moisture transport to the SAM and delaying its onset. In addition, the thermodynamic response to warming appears to cause local drier land conditions over both regions, reinforcing the observed changes in these monsoons. Although previous studies have identified the isolated influence of the regional Hadley cell, ENSO, AMO, global SST warming, and NASH on the NAM, the correlated changes between NAM and SAM through variations of the cross-equatorial flow had not been established before. Keywords Southern Amazon wet season North American monsoon South American monsoon North Atlantic subtropical high Cross-equatorial flow Global warming