Spatiotemporal characteristics and synchronization of extreme rainfall in South America with focus on the Andes Mountain range

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• 作者：Niklas Boers ; Bodo Bookhagen ; Norbert Marwan ; Jürgen Kurths
• 关键词：Extreme rainfall ; Synchronization ; Complex networks ; South American monsoon system
• 刊名：Climate Dynamics
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：46
• 期：1-2
• 页码：601-617
• 全文大小：10,019 KB
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• 作者单位：Niklas Boers (1) (2)
  Bodo Bookhagen (3)
  Norbert Marwan (1)
  Jürgen Kurths (1) (2) (4) (5)
  
  1. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegraphenberg A 31, 14473, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany
  2. Department of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  3. Institute of Earth- and Environmental Sciences, University of Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany
  4. Department of Control Theory, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
  5. Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Geophysics and Geodesy
  Meteorology and Climatology
  Oceanography
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-0894

文摘

The South American Andes are frequently exposed to intense rainfall events with varying moisture sources and precipitation-forming processes. In this study, we assess the spatiotemporal characteristics and geographical origins of rainfall over the South American continent. Using high-spatiotemporal resolution satellite data (TRMM 3B42 V7), we define four different types of rainfall events based on their (1) high magnitude, (2) long temporal extent, (3) large spatial extent, and (4) high magnitude, long temporal and large spatial extent combined. In a first step, we analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of these events over the entire South American continent and integrate their impact for the main Andean hydrologic catchments. Our results indicate that events of type 1 make the overall highest contributions to total seasonal rainfall (up to \(50\,\%\)). However, each consecutive episode of the infrequent events of type 4 still accounts for up to \(20\,\%\) of total seasonal rainfall in the subtropical Argentinean plains. In a second step, we employ complex network theory to unravel possibly non-linear and long-ranged climatic linkages for these four event types on the high-elevation Altiplano-Puna Plateau as well as in the main river catchments along the foothills of the Andes. Our results suggest that one to two particularly large squall lines per season, originating from northern Brazil, indirectly trigger large, long-lasting thunderstorms on the Altiplano Plateau. In general, we observe that extreme rainfall in the catchments north of approximately \(20^{\circ }\)S typically originates from the Amazon Basin, while extreme rainfall at the eastern Andean foothills south of \(20^{\circ }\)S and the Puna Plateau originates from southeastern South America.