Inverter-based low-noise, 150?μW single-ended to differential SC-VGAs for second harmonic cardiac ultrasound imaging probes

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• 作者：P. Wang ; T. Ytterdal
• 关键词：Inverter ; based ; SC ; VGA ; Low power ; Low noise ; Second harmonic distortion ; Ultrasound probes
• 刊名：Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：August 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：84
• 期：2
• 页码：315-324
• 全文大小：1,109 KB
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  25.Lujan, C
• 作者单位：P. Wang (1)
  T. Ytterdal (1)
  
  1. Department of Electronics and Telecommunication (IET), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO 7491, Trondheim, Norway
  
• 刊物类别：Engineering
• 刊物主题：Circuits and Systems
  Electronic and Computer Engineering
  Signal,Image and Speech Processing
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-1979

文摘

This paper presents two inverter-based low-noise, low-power, single-ended to differential switched-capacitor variable gain amplifiers (SC-VGAs) for 2--MHz second harmonic cardiac ultrasound imaging probes fabricated with 0.18?μm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology. By employing inverters in class C mode instead of operational trans-conductance amplifiers, the power consumption of 150?μW at a supply voltage of 1?V is achieved for both VGAs; ?5 and ?2?dBm of integrated noise with 2--MHz bandwidth at maximum gain and a sampling frequency of 30?MHz are achieved for VGA1 and VGA2, respectively. Both VGAs have two stages. VGA1 uses a fully switched-capacitor approach for gain control, and the gain range is ?1-1?dB with 12-bit capacitor arrays. VGA2 adopts an inverter-based SC-VGA in the first stage with a 6-bit capacitor array to tune the gain from ? to 9?dB, and the second stage is a differential amplifier with a 4-bit thermometer-coded resistor array to tune the gain from 0 to 13?dB. Both SC-VGAs complete the single-ended to differential conversion in the second stage to suppress the second harmonic distortion (HD2). Both VGAs have HD2 less than ?0?dB. The die size of VGA1 is 245?μm?×?134?μm, and the die size of VGA2 is 109?μm?×?164?μm.