Microwave-assisted urea-modified sorghum biomass for Cr (III) elimination from aqueous solutions

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• 作者：Muhammad Salman (1)
  Makshoof Athar (1)
  Umar Farooq (1)
  Huma Nazir (1)
  Anam Noor (1)
  Saba Nazir (1)
  
• 关键词：Sorghum ; Urea Modification ; Non ; linear Equilibrium ; Surface Area ; Thermodynamics
• 刊名：Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：June 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：30
• 期：6
• 页码：1257-1264
• 全文大小：423KB
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• 作者单位：Muhammad Salman (1)
  Makshoof Athar (1)
  Umar Farooq (1)
  Huma Nazir (1)
  Anam Noor (1)
  Saba Nazir (1)
  
  1. Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
  
• ISSN：1975-7220

文摘

The present study concentrated on the use of an agro-waste biodegradable sorghum biomass in its simple and modified forms for the binding of Cr (III) ions. A relatively new method of modification was adopted using urea under microwave irradiation. FTIR analysis showed the presence of oxygen and nitrogen bearing functional groups in unmodified (UMS) and modified (MS) sorghum biomass. The appearance of new bands and shifts in the peaks confirmed the modification. The influence of different process parameters such as the adsorbent dose, solution pH, contact time, agitation speed and initial metal ion concentration was studied thoroughly to evaluate optimum conditions for adsorption. Maximum adsorption for Cr (III) ions occurred at pH 5.0鈥?.0 using UMS and MS. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models in a non-linear fashion were used to explain the phenomenon. Maximum adsorption capacity was 7.03 and 16.36 mg of Cr (III) per gram of UMS and MS, respectively. Adsorption mechanism was explored by pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, and it was found that the process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic study indicated the process favorability. The study concluded that urea modification under microwave irradiation produces a non-toxic and more effective adsorbent for Cr (III) remediation by inducing new nitrogen bearing functional groups to sorghum biomass.