Sperm whale echolocation behaviour reveals a directed, prior-based search strategy informed by prey distribution

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• 作者：A. Fais (1) (6)
  N. Aguilar Soto (1)
  M. Johnson (2)
  C. P茅rez-Gonz谩lez (3)
  P. J. O. Miller (2)
  P. T. Madsen (4) (5)
  
  1. BIOECOMAC ; Department of Animal Biology ; La Laguna University ; Canary Islands ; Spain
  6. Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research ; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover ; Hannover ; Germany
  2. Scottish Ocean Institute ; University of St. Andrews ; St. Andrews ; Scotland
  3. Department of Statistics ; Operating Research and Computation ; La Laguna University ; Canary Islands ; Spain
  4. Zoophysiology ; Department of Bioscience ; Aarhus University ; Aarhus ; Denmark
  5. MUCRU ; Centre for Fish ; Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystems Research ; School of Veterinary and Life Sciences ; Murdoch University ; Perth ; Australia
  
• 关键词：Sperm whales ; Echolocation behaviour ; Directed search behaviour ; Prior information ; Multi ; target acoustic scene
• 刊名：Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：April 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：69
• 期：4
• 页码：663-674
• 全文大小：959 KB
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• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Behavioural Sciences
  Zoology
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-0762

文摘

Predators make foraging decisions based upon sensory information about resource availability, but little is known about how large, air-breathing predators collect and use such information to maximize energy returns when foraging in the deep sea. Here, we used archival tags to study how echolocating sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) use their long-range sensory capabilities to guide foraging in a deep-water habitat consisting of multiple, depth-segregated prey layers. Sperm whales employ a directed search behaviour by modulating their overall sonar sampling with the intention to exploit a particular prey layer. They forage opportunistically during some descents while actively adjusting their acoustic gaze to sequentially track different prey layers. While foraging within patches, sperm whales adjust their clicking rate both to search new water volumes as they turn and to match the prey distribution. This strategy increases information flow and suggests that sperm whales can perform auditory stream segregation of multiple targets when echolocating. Such flexibility in sampling tactics in concert with long-range sensing capabilities apparently allow sperm whales to efficiently locate and access prey resources in vast, heterogeneous, deep water habitats.