Internal structure and building of basaltic shield volcanoes: the example of the Piton de La Fournaise terminal cone (La Réunion)
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- 作者：Aline Peltier (1)
Frédérick Massin (2)
Patrick Bachèlery (3) (4)
Anthony Finizola (4) - 关键词：Piton de La Fournaise ; Caldera collapse ; Basaltic volcanoes ; Volcano lithostratigraphy ; Historic records
- 刊名：Bulletin of Volcanology
- 出版年：2012
- 出版时间：October 2012
- 年：2012
- 卷：74
- 期：8
- 页码：1881-1897
- 全文大小：1564KB
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Frédérick Massin (2)
Patrick Bachèlery (3) (4)
Anthony Finizola (4)
1. Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris et Université Paris Diderot (Sorbonne Paris-Cité), UMR CNRS 7154–Géologie des Systèmes Volcaniques, 1 rue Jussieu, 75238, Paris cedex 05, France
2. Department of Geology and Geophysics, F.A. Sutton building, r282, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
3. Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, UMR 6524, CNRS-IRD-Université Blaise Pascal, Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand, 5 rue Kessler, 63038, Clermont-Ferrand, France
4. Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion, Université de la Réunion, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, CNRS UMR 7154, Géologie des Systèmes Volcaniques, 15 avenue René Cassin, BP 97715, Saint-Denis cedex 9, La Réunion, Indian Ocean, France - ISSN：1432-0819
文摘
In April 2007, a caldera collapsed at the Dolomieu summit crater of Piton de La Fournaise (La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean) revealing new outcrops up to 340?m high along the crater walls. The lithostratigraphic interpretation of these new exposures allows us to investigate the most recent building history of a basaltic shield volcano. We present the history of the Piton de La Fournaise terminal cone, from the building of a juvenile cone during which periods of explosive activity dominated, to the most recent effusive period. The changes in eruptive dynamics are the cause of successive summit crater/pit–crater collapses. In April 2007, such an event occurred during rapid emptying of the shallow plumbing system feeding a large effusive lateral eruption. During the most recent effusive period, an eastward migration of the eruptive crater was observed and was linked to the successive destructions of the shallow magma reservoir during each collapse. The resulting changes in the local stress field favor the formation of a new reservoir and thus the migration of activity. Internal structures reveal that the building of the upper part of the terminal cone was predominantly by exogenous growth and that the hydrothermal system is confined at a depth >-50?m. These observations on Piton de La Fournaise provide new insights into construction of the summits of other basaltic shield volcanoes.