Morphological and ultrastructural changes in bacterial cells as an indicator of antibacterial mechanism of action

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：T. P. Tim Cushnie ; Noëlle H. O’Driscoll…
• 关键词：Antibiotic ; Antiseptic ; Disinfectant ; Mode of action ; SEM ; TEM
• 刊名：Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS)
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：December 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：73
• 期：23
• 页码：4471-4492
• 全文大小：2,774 KB
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Cell Biology
  Biomedicine
  Life Sciences
  Biochemistry
  
• 出版者：Birkh盲user Basel
• ISSN：1420-9071
• 卷排序：73

文摘

Efforts to reduce the global burden of bacterial disease and contend with escalating bacterial resistance are spurring innovation in antibacterial drug and biocide development and related technologies such as photodynamic therapy and photochemical disinfection. Elucidation of the mechanism of action of these new agents and processes can greatly facilitate their development, but it is a complex endeavour. One strategy that has been popular for many years, and which is garnering increasing interest due to recent technological advances in microscopy and a deeper understanding of the molecular events involved, is the examination of treated bacteria for changes to their morphology and ultrastructure. In this review, we take a critical look at this approach. Variables affecting antibacterial-induced alterations are discussed first. These include characteristics of the test organism (e.g. cell wall structure) and incubation conditions (e.g. growth medium osmolarity). The main body of the review then describes the different alterations that can occur. Micrographs depicting these alterations are presented, together with information on agents that induce the change, and the sequence of molecular events that lead to the change. We close by highlighting those morphological and ultrastructural changes which are consistently induced by agents sharing the same mechanism (e.g. spheroplast formation by peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitors) and explaining how changes that are induced by multiple antibacterial classes (e.g. filamentation by DNA synthesis inhibitors, FtsZ disruptors, and other types of agent) can still yield useful mechanistic information. Lastly, recommendations are made regarding future study design and execution.