A new simulation method on sliding snow load on sloped roofs

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Xuanyi Zhou (1)
  Jialiang Li (1) (2)
  Ming Gu (1)
  Lulu Sun (1)
  
  1. State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering ; Tongji University ; Shanghai ; 200092 ; China
  2. East China Architectural Design and Research Institute Co. ; Ltd. ; Shanghai ; 200002 ; China
  
• 关键词：Sliding snow load ; Sloped roof ; Snowmelt model for building roofs ; Accumulated positive energy ; Sliding snow load coefficient ; Simplified formula
• 刊名：Natural Hazards
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：May 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：77
• 期：1
• 页码：39-65
• 全文大小：1,806 KB
• 参考文献：Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures (ASCE/SEI 7-10). American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston
  1. Anderson, EA (1976) A point energy and mass balance model for a snow cover, NOAA Technical Report NWS 19. US Department of Commerce, Washington
  2. Bartelt, P, Lehning, M (2002) A physical SNOWPACK model for the Swiss avalanche warning Part I: numerical model. Cold Reg Sci Technol 35: pp. 123-145 CrossRef
  3. Chiba, T, Tomabechi, T (2001) Study on the evaluation of snow load on pitched roof. J Struct Constr Eng Trans AIJ 539: pp. 37-42
  4. Chiba, T, Tomabechi, T, Takahashi, T (2012) Study on evaluation of snow load considering roof snow-slide on gable roofs. Snow Engineering VII, Fukui
  5. Colbeck, SC, Anderson, EA (1982) The permeability of a melting snow cover. Water Resour Res 18: pp. 904-908 CrossRef
  6. Dai, XQ, Huang, N (2014) Numerical simulation of drifting snow sublimation in the saltation layer. Sci Rep.
  7. Dozier, J (1989) Spectral signature of alpine snow cover from the Landsat Thematic Mapper. Remote Sens Environ 28: pp. 9-22 CrossRef
  Euro code 1鈥擜ctions on structures-part 1鈥?: general actions-snow loads. British Standard Institution, London
  8. Gromke, C, Horender, S, Walter, B, Lehning, M (2014) Snow particle characteristics in the saltation layer. J Glaciol 221: pp. 431-439 CrossRef
  9. Gustafsson, D, St盲hli, M, Jansson, PE (2001) The surface energy balance of a snow cover: comparing measurements to two different simulation models. Theor Appl Climatol 70: pp. 81-96 CrossRef
  10. Huang, N, Sang, JB, Han, K (2011) A numerical simulation of the effects of snow particle shapes on blowing snow development. J Geophys Res Atmos 116: pp. D22206
  Bases for design of structures-determination of snow loads on roofs (ISO4355). International Organization for Standardization, Switzerland
  11. Isyumov N, Mikitiuk M (2008) Sliding snow and ice from sloped building surfaces: its prediction, potential hazards and mitigation. In: The 6th Snow Engineering Conference, Whistler, BC, Canada
  12. Kobayashi, T, Chiba, T, Tomabechi, T, Hoshiba, S (2001) Study on the evaluation of snow load on roof of livestock buildings. J Agric Constr 32: pp. 15-23
  13. Lehning, M, Bartelt, P, Brown, B, Fierz, C, Satyawali, P (2002) A physical SNOWPACK model for the Swiss avalanche warning Part II: snow microstructure. Cold Reg Sci Technol 35: pp. 147-167 CrossRef
  14. Lehning, M, Bartelt, P, Brown, B, Fierz, C, Satyawali, P (2002) A physical SNOWPACK model for the Swiss avalanche warning, Part III: meteorological forcing, thin layer formation and evaluation. Cold Reg Sci Technol 35: pp. 169-184 CrossRef
  15. Lepage MF, Schuyler GD (1988) A simulation to predict snow sliding and lift-off on buildings. In: Proceedings of the engineering foundation conference on a multidisciplinary approach to snow engineering. Santa Barbara, California
  16. Letsinger, SL, Olyphant, GA (2007) Distributed energy-balance modeling of snow-cover evolution and melt in rugged terrain: Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, USA. J Hydrol 336: pp. 48-60 CrossRef
  17. Male, DH, Gray, DM Snowcover ablation and runoff. In: Male, DH, Gray, DM eds. (1981) Chapter 9 in Handbook of snow, principles, processes, management and use. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 360-436
  Energy conservation design standard (JGJ26-95). China Building Industry Press, Beijing
  Design standard for energy efficiency of residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter zone (JGJ134-2001). China Building Industry Press, Beijing
  Load code for the design of building structures (GB50009-2012). China Building Industry Press, Beijing
  Design standard for energy efficiency of residential buildings in severe cold and cold zones (JGJ26-2010). China Building Industry Press, Beijing
  18. National Research Council of Canada (2005) National Building Code of Canada, Canada
  19. Ohara, N, Kavvas, ML (2006) Field observations and numerical model experiments for the snowmelt process at a field site. Adv Water Resour 29: pp. 194-211 CrossRef
  20. Sack, RL, Arnholtz, D, Haldeman, JS (1987) Sloped roof snow loads using simulation. J Struct Eng ASCE 113: pp. 1829-1833 CrossRef
  21. Takakura, M, Chiba, T, Ito, T, Tomabechi, T (2000) On the term controlled by snow load: practical Use of snow sliding on pitched roof. J Struct Constr Eng Trans AIJ 528: pp. 53-57
  22. Tarboton, DG, Luce, CH (1996) Utah energy balance snow accumulation and melt model (UEB) computer model technical description and users guide. Utah Water Research Laboratory and USDA Forest Service Intermountain Research Station, Logan
  Snow hydrology: summary report of the snow investigations. North Pacific Division, Portland
  23. Williams, KS, Tarboton, DG (1999) The ABC鈥檚 of snowmelt: a topographically factorized energy component snowmelt model. Hydrol Process 13: pp. 1905-1920 CrossRef
  24. Zeinivand, H, Smedt, DF (2010) Prediction of snowmelt floods with a distributed hydrological model using a physical snow mass and energy balance approach. Nat Hazards 54: pp. 451-468 CrossRef
  25. Zhou, XY, Zhang, YQ, Gu, M, Li, JL (2013) Simulation method of sliding snow load on roofs and its application in some representative regions of China. Nat Hazards 67: pp. 295-320 CrossRef
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Hydrogeology
  Geophysics and Geodesy
  Geotechnical Engineering
  Civil Engineering
  Environmental Management
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-0840

文摘

In cold regions, the accurate evaluation of sliding snow loads on roofs is important in structure design. Hence, this study develops a new method to simulate sliding snow loads on sloped roofs. First, the positive energy absorbed by snowpacks on sloped roofs is regarded as a key indicator of snow sliding based on a previous snowmelt model for building roofs and based on field observation results from the previous literature. Then, the developed method is used to simulate the sliding snow loads on several sloped roofs of several representative regions in China. The impacts of roof slope, shielding effect of neighboring buildings, and heat gained from within buildings are analyzed. The mechanism of snow slide caused by change of snow energy content is discussed. Roof slope is found to affect sliding snow load significantly. The sliding snow load on a high-sloped roof is considerably lower than that on a low-sloped roof. Finally, this study presents a simplified formula of sliding snow load as a function of roof slope, shielding effect of neighboring buildings, and heat transfer coefficients for convenient application of structural engineers. Simulation results are also compared with those from some current load codes.