Human exposure to mercury in artisanal small-scale gold mining areas of Kedougou region, Senegal, as a function of occupational activity and fish consumption

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• 作者：Birane Niane ; Stéphane Guédron…
• 关键词：Artisanal gold mining ; Mercury ; Methylmercury ; Selenium ; Fish ; Human health risk
• 刊名：Environmental Science and Pollution Research
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：May 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：22
• 期：9
• 页码：7101-7111
• 全文大小：1,113 KB
• 参考文献：Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (1999) Toxicological profile for mercury. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service
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• 作者单位：Birane Niane (1)
  Stéphane Guédron (2)
  Robert Moritz (1)
  Claudia Cosio (1)
  Papa Malick Ngom (3)
  Naresh Deverajan (1)
  Hans Rudolf Pfeifer (4)
  John Poté (1)
  
  1. Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, rue des Mara?chers 13, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
  2. Institut des Sciences de la Terre, Université Grenoble 1, IRD / UMR 5275, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France
  3. Département de Géologie, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal
  4. Institut des Dynamiques de la Surface Terrestre, Université de Lausanne, Geopolis, 3871, Lausanne, Switzerland
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environment
  Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
  Waste Water Technology, Water Pollution Control, Water Management and Aquatic Pollution
  Industrial Pollution Prevention
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1614-7499

文摘

We investigated mercury (Hg) exposure of food web and humans in the region of Kedougou, Senegal, where Hg is used for gold amalgamation in artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM). For this purpose, total mercury (THg) concentration was determined in eight fish species and two shellfish species from Gambia River and in human hair from 111 volunteers of different age and sex, living in urban locations (Kedougou and Samekouta) or in ASGM areas (Tinkoto and Bantako). THg concentrations in fish samples range from 0.03 to 0.51?mg?kg? wet weight (ww) and 0.5 to 1.05?mg?kg? ww for shellfish. THg concentrations in fish are below the WHO guideline of 0.5?mg?kg? ww, whereas 100?% of shellfish are above this safety guideline. In the entire set of fish and shellfish samples, we documented a decrease of THg concentrations with increasing selenium to mercury (Se:Hg) ratio suggesting a protection of Se against Hg. However, local population consuming fish from the Gambia River in the two ASGM areas have higher THg concentrations (median--.45 and 1.5?mg?kg? at Bantako and Tinkoto) in hair than those from others localities (median--.42 and 0.32?mg?kg? at Kedougou town and Samekouta) who have diverse diets. At ASGM sites, about 30?% of the local population present Hg concentrations in hair exceeding 1?mg?kg?, defined as the reference concentration of Hg in hair. We also evidence a higher exposure of women to Hg in the Tinkoto ASGM site due to the traditional distribution of daily tasks where women are more involved in the burning of amalgams. The discrepancy between the calculated moderate exposure through fish consumption and the high Hg concentrations measured in hair suggest that fish consumption is not the only source of Hg exposure and that further studies should focus on direct exposure to elemental Hg of population living at ASGM sites.