Human exposure and risk assessment associated with mercury contamination in artisanal gold mining areas in the Brazilian Amazon
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- 作者：Zuleica Castilhos ; Saulo Rodrigues-Filho…
- 关键词：Mercury ; Gold mining ; Fish ; Human health ; Amazon
- 刊名：Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- 出版年：2015
- 出版时间：August 2015
- 年：2015
- 卷：22
- 期：15
- 页码：11255-11264
- 全文大小：219 KB
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Saulo Rodrigues-Filho (2)
Ricardo Cesar (3)
Ana Paula Rodrigues (4)
Roberto Villas-B?as (1)
Iracina de Jesus (5)
Marcelo Lima (5)
Kleber Faial (5)
Ant?nio Miranda (5)
Edilson Brabo (5)
Christian Beinhoff (6)
Elisabeth Santos (5)
1. Centre for Mineral Technology, CETEM/MCTI, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
4. Department of Geochemistry, Fluminense Federal University, UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
2. Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (CDS), University of Brasilia, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
3. Department of Geography, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
5. Evandro Chagas Institute, Belém, PA, Brazil
6. United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO, Vienna International Centre, Vienna, Austria - 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
- 刊物主题：Environment
Environment
Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
Waste Water Technology, Water Pollution Control, Water Management and Aquatic Pollution
Industrial Pollution Prevention - 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
- ISSN：1614-7499
文摘
Mercury (Hg) contamination is an issue of concern in the Amazon region due to potential health effects associated with Hg exposure in artisanal gold mining areas. The study presents a human health risk assessment associated with Hg vapor inhalation and MeHg-contaminated fish ingestion, as well as Hg determination in urine, blood, and hair, of human populations (about 325 miners and 321 non-miners) from two gold mining areas in the Brazilian Amazon (S?o Chico and Creporizinho, Pará State). In S?o Chico and Creporizinho, 73 fish specimens of 13 freshwater species, and 161 specimens of 11 species, were collected for total Hg determination, respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) is a risk indicator which defines the ratio of the exposure level and the toxicological reference dose and was applied to determine the threat of MeHg exposure. The mean Hg concentrations in fish from S?o Chico and Creporizinho were 0.83?±-.43 and 0.36?±-.33?μg/g, respectively. More than 60 and 22?% of fish collected in S?o Chico and Creporizinho, respectively, were above the Hg limit (0.5?μg/g) recommended by WHO for human consumption. For all sampling sites, HQ resulted from 1.5 to 28.5, except for the reference area. In Creporizinho, the values of HQ are close to 2 for most sites, whereas in S?o Chico, there is a hot spot of MeHg contamination in fish (A2—S?o Chico Reservoir) with the highest risk level (HQ--8) associated with its human consumption. Mean Hg concentrations in urine, blood, and hair samples indicated that the miners group (in S?o Chico: urine--7.37?μg/L; blood--7.74?μg/L; hair--.50?μg/g and in Creporizinho: urine--3.75?μg/L; blood--5.23?μg/L; hair: 4.58?μg/g) was more exposed to mercury compared to non-miners (in S?o Chico: urine--.73?μg/L; blood--6.50?μg/L; hair--.16?μg/g and in Creporizinho: urine--.91?μg/L; blood--1.04?μg/L, hair--.88?μg/g). These high Hg levels (found not only in miners but also in non-miners who live near the mining areas) are likely to be related to a potential hazard due to exposure to both Hg vapor by inhalation and to MeHg-contaminated fish ingestion.