Evaluation of Horizontal鈥揤ertical Subsurface Hybrid Constructed Wetlands for Tertiary Treatment of Conventional Treatment Facilities Effluents in Developing Countries

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Amir Haghshenas-Adarmanabadi ; Manouchehr Heidarpour&#8230
• 关键词：Hybrid constructed wetland ; Tertiary treatment ; Water reuse ; Plants ; First ; order model
• 刊名：Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：227
• 期：1
• 全文大小：2,533 KB
• 参考文献：Abidi, S., Kallali, H., Jedidi, N., Bouzaiane, O., & Hassen, A. (2009). Comparative pilot study of the performances of two constructed wetland wastewater treatment hybrid systems. Desalination, 246, 370鈥?77.CrossRef
  Alley, B. L., Willis, B., Rodgers, J., & Castle, J. W. (2013). Seasonal performance of a hybrid pilot-scale constructed wetland treatment system for simulated fresh oil field-produced water. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 244, 1639.CrossRef
  APHA, AWWA, AEF. (2005). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st ed. Washington DC: Baltimore: American Public Health Association, AmericanWaterWorks Association (AWWA), and American Environment Federation (AEF).
  Avila, C., Salas, J. J., Martin, I., Aragon, C., & Garcia, J. (2013). Integrated treatment of combined sewer wastewater and stormwater in a hybrid constructed wetland system in southern Spain and its further reuse. Ecological Engineering, 50, 13鈥?0.CrossRef
  Ayaz, S. C., Aktas, 脰., F谋nd谋k, N., Akca, L., & K谋nac谋, C. (2012). Effect of recirculation on nitrogen removal in a hybrid constructed wetland system. Ecological Engineering, 40, 1鈥?.CrossRef
  Belmont, M. A., Cantellano, E., Thompson, S., Williamson, M., Sanchez, A., & Metcalfe, C. D. (2004). Treatment of domestic wastewater in a pilot-scale natural treatment system in central Mexico. Ecological Engineering, 23, 299鈥?11.CrossRef
  Calheiros, C. S. C., Quit茅rio, P. V. B., Silva, G., Crispim, L. F. C., Brix, H., Moura, S. C., & Castro, P. M. L. (2012). Use of constructed wetland systems with Arundo and Sarcocornia for polishing high salinity tannery wastewater. Journal of Environmental Management, 95, 66鈥?1.CrossRef
  Comino, E., Riggio, V., & Rosso, M. (2011). Mountain cheese factory wastewater treatment with the use of a hybrid constructed wetland. Ecological Engineering, 37, 1673鈥?680.CrossRef
  Curia, A. C., Koppe, J. C., Costa, J. F. C. L., F茅ris, L. A., & Gerber, W. D. (2011). Application of pilot-scale-constructed wetland as tertiary treatment system of wastewater for phosphorus and nitrogen removal. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 218, 131鈥?43.CrossRef
  Gagnon, V., Chazarenc, F., Koiv, M., & Brisson, J. (2012). Effect of plant species on water quality at the outlet of a sludge treatment wetland. Water Research, 46, 5305鈥?315.CrossRef
  Garcia, J. A., Paredes, D., & Cubillos, J. A. (2013). Effect of plants and the combination of wetland treatment type systems on pathogen removal in tropical climate conditions. Ecological Engineering, 58, 57鈥?2.CrossRef
  Gholikandi, G. B., Moradhasseli, M., & Riahi, R. (2009). Treatment of domestic wastewater in a pilot-scale HSFCW in West Iran. Desalination, 248, 977鈥?87.CrossRef
  Gohari, A., Eslamian, S., Mirchi, A., Abedi-Koupaei, J., Massah Bavani, A., & Madani, K. (2013). Water transfer as a solution to water shortage: a fix that can backfire. Journal of Hydrology, 491, 23鈥?9.CrossRef
  Idris, S. M., Jones, P. L., Salzman, S. A., Croatto, G., & Allinson, G. (2012). Evaluation of the giant reed (Arundo donax) in horizontal subsurface flow wetlands for the treatment of dairy processing factory wastewater. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 19, 3525鈥?537.CrossRef
  Iranian Guidelines for Wastewater Reuse. (2010). Department of Environment, Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran (in Persian).
  Johansen, N.H., & Brix, H. (1996). Design criteria for a two-stage constructed wetland. In: Proc. 5th Internat. Conf. Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control, Universitat fur Bodenkultur, Wien, Austria (Chapter IX/3).
  Justin, M. Z., Vrhovsek, D., Stuhlbacher, A., & Bulc, T. G. (2009). Treatment of wastewater in hybrid constructed wetland from the production of vinegar and packaging of detergents. Desalination, 246, 100鈥?09.CrossRef
  Kadlec, R. H. (2000). The inadequacy of first-order treatment wetland models. Ecological Engineering, 15, 105鈥?19.CrossRef
  Kadlec, R. H. (2009). Comparison of free water and horizontal subsurface treatment wetlands. Ecological Engineering, 35, 159鈥?74.CrossRef
  Kadlec, R. H., & Knight, R. L. (1996). Treatment wetlands. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers CRC Press Inc.
  Konnerup, D., Koottatep, T., & Brix, H. (2009). Treatment of domestic wastewater in tropical, subsurface flow constructed wetlands planted with Canna and Heliconia. Ecological Engineering, 35, 248鈥?57.CrossRef
  Korkusuz, E. A., Beklioglu, M., & Demirer, G. N. (2005). Comparison of the treatment performances of blast furnace slag-based and gravel-based vertical flow wetlands operated identically for domestic wastewater treatment in Turkey. Ecological Engineering, 24, 187鈥?00.CrossRef
  Laaffat, J., Ouazzani, N., & Mandi, L. (2015). The evaluation of potential purification of a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland treating greywater in semi-arid environment. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 95, 86鈥?2.CrossRef
  Lee, S., Maniquiz, M. C., & Kim, L. H. (2010). Characteristics of contaminants in water and sediment of a constructed wetland treating piggery wastewater effluent. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 22(6), 940鈥?45.CrossRef
  Masi, F., & Martinuzzi, N. (2007). Constructed wetlands for the Mediterranean countries: hybrid systems for water reuse and sustainable sanitation. Desalination, 215, 44鈥?5.CrossRef
  Newman, J. M., Clausen, J. C., & Neafsey, J. A. (2000). Seasonal performance of a wetland constructed to process dairy milkhouse wastewater in Connecticut. Ecological Engineering, 14, 181鈥?98.CrossRef
  Oovel, M., Tooming, A., Mauring, T., & Mander, U. (2007). Schoolhouse wastewater purification in a LWA-filled hybrid constructed wetland in Estonia. Ecological Engineering, 29, 17鈥?6.CrossRef
  Rousseau, D. P. L., Vanrolleghem, P. A., & De Pauw, N. (2004). Model-based design of horizontal subsurface flow constructed treatment wetlands: a review. Water Research, 38, 1484鈥?493.CrossRef
  Serrano, L., de la Varga, D., Ruiz, I., & Soto, M. (2011). Winery wastewater treatment in a hybrid constructed wetland. Ecological Engineering, 37, 744鈥?53.CrossRef
  Toscano, A., Marzo, A., Milani, M., Cirelli, G. L., & Barbagallo, S. (2015). Comparison of removal efficiencies in Mediterranean pilot constructed wetlands vegetated with different plant species. Ecological Engineering, 75, 155鈥?60.CrossRef
  Vohla, C., Alas, R., Nurk, K., Baatz, S., & Mander, 脺. (2007). Dynamics of phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon removal in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland. Science of the Total Environment, 380, 66鈥?4.CrossRef
  Vymazal, J. (2007). Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands. Science of the Total Environment, 380, 48鈥?5.CrossRef
  Vymazal, J. (2011). Plants used in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow: a review. Hydrobiologia, 674, 133鈥?56.CrossRef
  Vymazal, J., & Kr枚pfelov谩, L. (2009). Removal of organics in constructed wetlands with horizontal sub-surface flow: a review of the field experience. Science of the Total Environment, 407, 3911鈥?922.CrossRef
  Vymazal, J., & Kr枚pfelov谩, L. (2011). A three-stage experimental constructed wetland for treatment of domestic sewage: first 2 years of operation. Ecological Engineering, 37, 90鈥?8.CrossRef
  Wand, H., Vacca, G., Kuschk, P., Kr眉ger, M., & Kastner, M. (2007). Removal of bacteria by filtration in planted and non-planted sand columns. Water Research, 41, 159鈥?67.CrossRef
  Xinshan, S., Qin, L., & Denghua, Y. (2010). Nutrient removal by hybrid subsurface flow constructed wetlands for high concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2, 1461鈥?468.CrossRef
  Yousefi, Z., & Mohseni-Bandpei, A. (2010). Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater by subsurface wetlands planted with Iris pseudacorus. Ecological Engineering, 36, 777鈥?82.CrossRef
  Zareian, M. J., Eslamian, S., & Safavi, H. R. (2015). A modified regionalization weighting approach for climate change impact assessment at watershed scale. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 122, 497鈥?16.CrossRef
  Zurita, F., De Anda, J., & Belmont, M. A. (2009). Treatment of domestic wastewater and production of commercial flowers in vertical and horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands. Ecological Engineering, 35, 861鈥?69.CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Amir Haghshenas-Adarmanabadi (1)
  Manouchehr Heidarpour (1)
  Saleh Tarkesh-Esfahani (1)
  
  1. Department of Water Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environment
  Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
  Waste Water Technology, Water Pollution Control, Water Management and Aquatic Pollution
  Terrestrial Pollution
  Hydrogeology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-2932

文摘

In this study, four large pilot-scale horizontal鈥搗ertical hybrid constructed wetlands (CWs) were constructed for the tertiary treatment of effluent of North Wastewater Treatment Plant in Isfahan, Iran. The plant effluent did not meet the regulation limits of wastewater reuse for various applications (e.g., irrigation of food and non-food crops, forests and green areas, groundwater recharge, and urban reuse applications). So the hybrid CW system was set up to provide a suitable effluent for this purpose. Each hybrid unit consisted of a 100-m2 horizontal flow (HF) and a 32-m2 vertical flow (VF) subsurface CW operating in series. Three emergent plants consisting of Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, and Arundo donax were planted in the CWs and one unit left unplanted. The filling material was fine grain from 3鈥? mm. The average organic load and the average hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of the system were 15 g biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅)鈥塵鈭? day鈭? and 5.3 cm day鈭?, respectively. The k-C* first-order model constant was computed for seven physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters鈥擝OD₅, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), NO₃-N, NH₄-N, total phosphorus (TP), and fecal coliforms鈥攂ased on the influent/effluent concentration data for estimation of required surface area of full-scale CWs in the future. The results of 12-month sampling showed that the hybrid HF-VF CWs are highly efficient in removing of the BOD₅ (85 % medium), COD (80 % medium), TSS (79 % medium), NH₄-N (78 % medium), TP (74 % medium), and fecal coliforms (99 % medium). Also, there were no significant differences between various planted hybrid CWs in removal efficiency and first-order model constant for BOD₅, COD, TSS, and coliforms, nor were there significant differences between planted and unplanted CWs for these parameters. But, for nutrients, the removal efficiencies of planted CWs were higher than those of control CW during the operation time. Among the CWs, the Phragmites showed the best efficiency for removal of nutrients followed by Arundo. It was observed that the removal efficiencies in HFCWs were higher than those in VFCWs due to longer hydraulic retention time (HRT), but for coliform removal, the VFCWs showed a higher efficiency. The effluent quality met the requirements for its reuse in various applications, but bacterial contents were equal to levels that permit the reuse of effluent in the non-food crop, forest and other green area irrigation, groundwater recharge, and some urban applications with restricted public exposure. The results of this pilot-scale research study showed that the performance of a single HFCW was probably not sufficient to achieve a suitable water quality for reuse of effluents and the hybrid CWs are more efficient and feasible systems for this purpose. Keywords Hybrid constructed wetland Tertiary treatment Water reuse Plants First-order model