Hormone resistance and neuroendocrine differentiation due to accumulation of genetic lesions during clonal evolution of prostate cancer

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• 作者：D. S. Mikhaylenko ; G. D. Efremov ; A. V. Sivkov ; D. V. Zaletaev
• 关键词：oncogene ; somatic mutation ; prostate cancer ; clonal evolution ; hormone ; refractory tumor ; neuroendocrine differentiation ; targeted therapy
• 刊名：Molecular Biology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：50
• 期：1
• 页码：28-36
• 全文大小：276 KB
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• 作者单位：D. S. Mikhaylenko (1) (2)
  G. D. Efremov (1)
  A. V. Sivkov (1)
  D. V. Zaletaev (2) (3)
  
  1. Lopatkin Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology, National Medical Radiological Research Center, Ministry of Health, Moscow, 105425, Russia
  2. Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115478, Russia
  3. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Life Sciences
  Biochemistry
  Human Genetics
  Russian Library of Science
  
• 出版者：MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica distributed exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media LLC.
• ISSN：1608-3245

文摘

Progression of malignant tumors is largely due to clonal evolution of the primary tumor, clones acquiring different sets of molecular genetic lesions. Lesions can confer a selective advantage in proliferation rate or metastasis on the tumor cell population, especially if developing resistance to anticancer therapy. Prostate cancer (PCa) provides an illustrative example of clinically significant clonal evolution. The review considers the genetic alterations that occur in primary PCa and the mechanism whereby hormone-refractory PCa develops on hormone therapy, including mutations and alternative splicing of the androgen receptor gene (AR) and intratumoral androgen synthesis. Certain molecular genetic lesions determine resistance to new generation inhibitors (AR mutations that block the antagonist effect or allow other hormones to activate the receptor) or lead to neuroendocrine differentiation (repression of the AR signaling pathway, TP53 mutations, and amplification of the AURKA or MYCN oncogene). Multistep therapy based on the data about somatic mutations associated with progression and metastasis of the primary tumor can be expected to significantly improve the survival of patients with advanced PCa in the nearest future.