Switch from heterotrophy to autotrophy of apple cotyledons depends on NO signal

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• 作者：Urszula Krasuska ; Karolina D?bska ; Katarzyna Otulak ; Renata Bogatek…
• 关键词：Chlorophyll a fluorescence ; Photosynthesis ; ROS ; RuBisCO ; Seed dormancy ; Sugars
• 刊名：Planta
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：November 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：242
• 期：5
• 页码：1221-1236
• 全文大小：1,311 KB
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• 作者单位：Urszula Krasuska (1)
  Karolina D?bska (1)
  Katarzyna Otulak (2)
  Renata Bogatek (1)
  Agnieszka Gniazdowska (1)
  
  1. Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
  2. Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
  
• 刊物主题：Plant Sciences; Agriculture; Ecology; Forestry;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-2048

文摘

Main conclusion NO accelerates transition of germinated embryos from heterotrophy to autotrophy by stimulation of chloroplasts maturation. NO-mediated autotrophy of apple seedlings correlates to increased content of RuBisCO small subunit and improvement of parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence. Nitric oxide (NO) acts as signaling molecule involved in regulation of various physiological processes in plants, although its involvement in cotyledons greening is poorly recognized. To identify the importance of NO signal for plant growth and development we investigated the effects of short-term application of NO at various developmental stages of seedlings of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) on cotyledons-chlorophyll a to b ratio, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic activity, carbohydrates and RuBisCO both subunits content. NO-dependent biochemical alterations were linked to cytological observation of developing plastids in cotyledons of apple plants. Abnormal plantlets developing from dormant apple embryos are characterized by anatomical malformations of cotyledons. Short-term pre-treatment with NO of isolated embryos or seedlings with developmental anomalies resulted in formation of plants with cotyledons of equal size and chlorophyll content; these responses were blocked by NO scavenger. NO independently of time point of application accelerated embryos transition from heterotrophy to autotrophy by stimulation of photosynthetic activity, improvement of parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence (F _v/F _m, F _v/F ₀) and increased content of RuBisCO small subunit. Further analysis showed that NO application modified glucose and hydrogen peroxide concentration in cotyledons. Beneficial effect of NO on development of seedlings without any abnormalities was manifested at ultrastructural level by decline in amount of proplastids and induction of formation and maturation of chloroplasts. Our data suggest that progress of autotrophy of young seedlings is governed by NO acting as stimulator of chloroplast-to-nucleus signaling.