Thiosulfate dehydrogenase (TsdA) enzymes represent a phylogenetically widespread family of periplasmic diheme cytochromes. They catalyze both thiosulfate oxidation and tetrathionate reduction. The reaction directionality of TsdA enzymes varies in dependence of the source organism. Currently, the best characterized TsdA enzymes are the thiosulfate-oxidizing enzyme from the purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum and the tetrathionate-reducing enzyme from the human gut pathogen Campylobacter jejuni.