Biochip array technology immunoassay performance and quantitative confirmation of designer piperazines for urine workplace drug testing
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- 作者：Marisol S. Castaneto ; Allan J. Barnes…
- 关键词：Piperazines ; BZP ; HRMS ; Biochip ; Novel psychoactive substances
- 刊名：Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- 出版年：2015
- 出版时间：June 2015
- 年：2015
- 卷：407
- 期：16
- 页码：4639-4648
- 全文大小：521 KB
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24.Kronstra - 作者单位：Marisol S. Castaneto (1) (2)
Allan J. Barnes (1)
Marta Concheiro (1) (4)
Kevin L. Klette (3)
Thomas A. Martin (3)
Marilyn A. Huestis (1)
1. Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
2. Program in Toxicology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 20742, USA
4. Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
3. Drug Testing and Program Policy, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness), Personnel Risk Reduction, Washington, DC, USA - 刊物类别：Chemistry and Materials Science
- 刊物主题：Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Food Science
Inorganic Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
Monitoring, Environmental Analysis and Environmental Ecotoxicology - 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
- ISSN：1618-2650
文摘
Designer piperazines are emerging novel psychoactive substances (NPS) with few high-throughput screening methods for their identification. We evaluated a biochip array technology (BAT) immunoassay for phenylpiperazines (PNP) and benzylpiperazines (BZP) and analyzed 20,017 randomly collected urine workplace specimens. Immunoassay performance at recommended cutoffs was evaluated for PNPI (5?μg/L), PNPII (7.5?μg/L), and BZP (5?μg/L) antibodies. Eight hundred forty positive and 206 randomly selected presumptive negative specimens were confirmed by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Assay limits of detection for PNPI, PNPII, and BZP were 2.9, 6.3, and 2.1?μg/L, respectively. Calibration curves were linear (R 2-gt;-.99) with upper limits of 42?μg/L for PNPI/PNII and 100?μg/L for BZP. Quality control samples demonstrated imprecision <19.3?%CV and accuracies 86.0-4.5?% of target. There were no interferences from 106 non-piperazine substances. Seventy-eight of 840 presumptive positive specimens (9.3?%) were LC-HRMS positive, with 72 positive for 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP), a designer piperazine and antidepressant trazodone metabolite. Of 206 presumptive negative specimens, one confirmed positive for mCPP (3.3?μg/L) and one for BZP (3.6?μg/L). BAT specificity (21.1 to 91.4?%) and efficiency (27.0 to 91.6?%) increased, and sensitivity slightly decreased (97.5 to 93.8?%) with optimized cutoffs of 25?μg/L PNPI, 42?μg/L PNPI, and 100?μg/L BZP. A high-throughput screening method is needed to identify piperazine NPS. We evaluated performance of the Randox BAT immunoassay to identify urinary piperazines and documented improved performance when antibody cutoffs were raised. In addition, in randomized workplace urine specimens, all but two positive specimens contained mCPP and/or trazodone, most likely from legitimate medical prescriptions.