Spray deposited CeO2–TiO2 counter electrode for electrochromic devices

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• 作者：A K BHOSALE ; S R KULAL ; V M GURAME ; P S PATIL
• 关键词：CeO2–TiO2 thin films ; WO3 thin film ; counter electrode ; colour analysis ; electrochromism
• 刊名：Bulletin of Materials Science
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：April 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：38
• 期：2
• 页码：483-491
• 全文大小：2,435 KB
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• 作者单位：A K BHOSALE (1)
  S R KULAL (1)
  V M GURAME (2)
  P S PATIL (3)
  
  1. Department of Physics and Chemistry, Raje Ramrao College, Jath, (Maharashtra), 416404, India
  2. Department of Chemistry, Shri Shivaji Mahavidyalaya, Solapur, (Maharashtra), 413411, India
  3. Department of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, (Maharashtra), 416004, India
  
• 刊物类别：Chemistry and Materials Science
• 刊物主题：Chemistry
  Materials Science
  Engineering, general
  
• 出版者：Springer India
• ISSN：0973-7669

文摘

Optically passive thin films of CeO₂–TiO₂ mixed oxides with molar ratio of Ce/Ti of 0.05 were deposited by the spray pyrolysis technique (SPT) on a glass and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass substrates. Precursor solution containing cerium nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO₃)₂?H₂O) and titanium tetraiso-propoxide (Ti(OiPr)₄) having different volumetric proportions (0- vol% of Ti) in methanol were used. These films were characterized for structural, morphological, molecular, optical, electrochromic and colourimetric analysis. CeO₂–TiO₂ films deposited at 400 ?/span> C were found to be polycrystalline with cubic fluorite crystal structure. Transformation from polycrystalline to amorphous phase was observed with increasing TiO₂ content. The band centred at 539 cm? is assigned to Ce–O stretching vibration and the two medium intensity bands assigned to (Ti–O) and (Ti–O–Ti) stretching modes at 798 and 451 cm?, which confirms the mixed CeO₂ and TiO₂ phases. The band gap energy decreases (E _g) from 3.45 eV for pristine CeO₂ to 2.98-.09 eV for CeO₂–TiO₂ films. The ion storage capacity (ISC) of CeO₂–TiO₂ thin film with 3 vol% Ti (Ce–Ti₃ sample) was found to be 26 mC cm? and electrochemical stability up to 30,000 cycles in 0.5 M LiClO₄-PC electrolyte. The optically passive behaviour of CeO₂–TiO₂ thin film is confirmed by its negligible transmission modulation (Δ T ?2.5%) upon Li+ ion insertion/extraction, irrespective of the extent of Li+ ion intercalation. The optical modulation of sputter deposited electrochromic WO ₃ thin film was found to be enhanced from 56 to 61% with rapid increase in colouration efficiency (CE) from 42 to 231 cm2 C? when CeO₂–TiO₂ is coupled as a counter electrode with WO₃ in an electrochromic device (ECD). On reduction of WO₃ thin film with CeO₂–TiO₂ as counter electrode, the CIELAB 1931 2 ?/sup> colour space coordinates show the transition from colourless to the deep blue state (L ?/sup> = 88.07, a ?/sup> = ?.37, b ?/sup> = 24.59 and L ?/sup> = 40.32, a ?/sup> = ?.16, b ?/sup> = ?.65) with steady decrease in relative lightness. Yxy and L ?/sup> a ?/sup> b ?/sup> coordinates signify CeO₂–TiO₂ films and it also exhibits the application as counter electrode in electrochromic smart windows in which they are able to retain their transparency under charge insertion/extraction.