Lipid Mediators of Allergic Disease: Pathways, Treatments, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets

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• 作者：Eric Schauberger ; Miriam Peinhaupt ; Tareian Cazares…
• 刊名：Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：July 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：16
• 期：7
• 全文大小：934 KB
• 刊物主题：Allergology;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1534-6315
• 卷排序：16

文摘

Bioactive lipids are critical regulators of inflammation. Over the last 75 years, these diverse compounds have emerged as clinically-relevant mediators of allergic disease pathophysiology. Animal and human studies have demonstrated the importance of lipid mediators in the development of asthma, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, anaphylaxis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy. Lipids are critical participants in cell signaling events which influence key physiologic (bronchoconstriction) and immune phenomena (degranulation, chemotaxis, sensitization). Lipid-mediated cellular mechanisms including: (1) formation of structural support platforms (lipid rafts) for receptor signaling complexes, (2) activation of a diverse family of G-protein coupled receptors, and (3) mediating intracellular signaling cascades by acting as second messengers. Here, we review four classes of bioactive lipids (platelet activating factor, the leukotrienes, the prostanoids, and the sphingolipids) with special emphasis on lipid synthesis pathways and signaling, atopic disease pathology, and the ongoing development of atopy treatments targeting lipid mediator pathways.KeywordsLipidsAllergic diseasePlatelet-activating factorProstanoidsLeukotrienesSphingolipids