Suspended particles only marginally reduce pyrethroid toxicity to the freshwater invertebrate Gammarus pulex (L.) during pulse exposure
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- 作者：Jes Jessen Rasmussen ; Nina Cedergreen ; Brian Kronvang…
- 关键词：Pyrethroids ; Suspended particles ; Pulse exposure ; Adsorption ; Gammarus pulex
- 刊名：Ecotoxicology
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：April 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：25
- 期：3
- 页码：510-520
- 全文大小：745 KB
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Nina Cedergreen (2)
Brian Kronvang (1)
Maj-Britt Bjergager Andersen (2)
Ulrik Nørum (1)
Andreas Kretschmann (2)
Bjarne Westergaard Strobel (2)
Hans Christian Bruun Hansen (2)
1. Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
2. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark - 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
- 刊物主题：Environment
Environment
Monitoring, Environmental Analysis and Environmental Ecotoxicology
Ecology
Environmental Management - 出版者：Springer Netherlands
- ISSN：1573-3017
文摘
Current ecotoxicological research on particle-associated pyrethroids in freshwater systems focuses almost exclusively on sediment-exposure scenarios and sediment-dwelling macroinvertebrates. We studied how suspended particles influence acute effects of lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin on the epibenthic freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex (L.) using brief pulse exposures followed by a 144 h post exposure recovery phase. Humic acid (HA) and the clay mineral montmorillonite (MM) were used as model sorbents in environmentally realistic concentrations (5, 25 and 125 mg L−1). Mortality of G. pulex was recorded during the post exposure recovery phase and locomotor behavior was measured during exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin. We found that HA in concentrations ≥25 mg L−1 adsorbed the majority of pyrethroids but only reduced mortality of G. pulex up to a factor of four compared to pyrethroid-only treatments. MM suspensions adsorbed a variable fraction of pyrethroids (10 % for bifenthrin and 70 % for lambda-cyhalothrin) but did not significantly change the concentration–response relationship compared to pure pyrethroid treatments. Behavioral responses and immobilisation rate of G. pulex were reduced in the presence of HA, whereas behavioral responses and immobilisation rate were increased in the presence of MM. This indicates that G. pulex was capable of sensing the bioavailable fraction of lambda-cyhalothrin. Our results imply that suspended particles reduce to only a limited extent the toxicity of pyrethroids to G. pulex and that passive uptake of pyrethroids can be significant even when pyrethroids are adsorbed to suspended particles.