A fast method for analysing six perfluoroalkyl substances in human serum by solid-phase extraction on-line coupled to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Mónica Bartolomé ; Alejandrina Gallego-Picó…
• 关键词：Perfluoroalkyl substances ; On ; line solid ; phase extraction ; Turbo flow extraction ; Human serum ; Liquid chromatography with tandem spectrometry ; Human biomonitoring
• 刊名：Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：408
• 期：8
• 页码：2159-2170
• 全文大小：672 KB
• 参考文献：1.Kissa E. Fluorinated surfactants and repellents. New York: Marcel Dekker; 2001.
  2.Schultz MM, Barofsky DF, Field JA. Fluorinated alkyl surfactants. Environ Eng Sci. 2003;20:487–501.CrossRef
  3.Lau C, Anitole K, Hodes C, Lai D, Pfahles-Hutchens A, Seed J. Perfluoroalkyl acids: a review of monitoring and toxicological findings. Toxicol Sci. 2007;99:366–94.CrossRef
  4.Zhao YG, Wong CKC, Wong MH. Environmental contamination, human exposure and body loadings of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), focusing on Asian countries. Chemosphere. 2012;89:355–68.CrossRef
  5.Freberg BI, Haug LS, Olsen R, Daae HL, Hersson M, Thomsen C, et al. Occupational exposure to airborne perfluorinated compounds during professional ski waxing. Envir SciTechnol. 2010;44:7723–8.CrossRef
  6.Takagi S, Adachi F, Miyano K, Koizumi Y, Tanaka H, Mimura M, et al. Perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in raw and treated tap water from Osaka, Japan. Chemosphere. 2008;72:1409–12.CrossRef
  7.Mak YL, Taniyasu S, Yeung LWY, Lu G, Jin L, Yang Y, et al. Perfluorinated compounds in tap water from China and several other countries. Envir Sci Technol. 2009;43:4824–9.CrossRef
  8.Vestergren R, Orata F, Berger U, Cousins IT. Bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl acids in dairy cows in a naturally contaminated environment. Environ Sci Pollut R. 2013;20:7959–69.CrossRef
  9.Falandysz J, Taniyasu S, Gulkowska A, Yamashita N, Schulte-Oehlmann U. Is fish a major source of fluorinated surfactants and repellents in humans living on the Baltic coast? Envir Sci Technol. 2006;40:748–51.CrossRef
  10.Zhang T, Sun HW, Wu Q, Zhang XZ, Yun SH, Kannan K. Perfluorochemicals in meat, eggs and indoor dust in China: assessment of sources and pathways of human exposure to perfluorochemicals. Envir SciTechnol. 2010;44:3572–9.CrossRef
  11.Vestergren R, Berger U, Glynn A, Cousins IT. Dietary exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids for the Swedish population in 1999, 2005 and 2010. Environ Int. 2012;49:120–7.CrossRef
  12.Tittlemier SA, Pepper K, Seymour C, Moisey J, Bronson R, Cao X-L, et al. Dietary exposure of Canadians to perfluorinated carboxylates and perfluorooctane sulfonate via consumption of meat, fish, fast foods, and food items prepared in their packaging. J Agri Food Chem. 2007;55:3203–10.CrossRef
  13.Jain RB. Contribution of diet and other factors to the levels of selected polyfluorinated compounds: data from NHANES 2003–2008. Int J Hyg Envir Heal. 2014;217:52–61.CrossRef
  14.Harada K, Koizumi A, Saito N, Inoue K, Yoshinaga T, Date C, et al. Historical and geographical aspects of the increasing perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctane sulfonate contamination in human serum in Japan. Chemosphere. 2007;66:293–301.CrossRef
  15.Trudel D, Horowitz L, Wormuth M, Scheringer M, Cousins IT, Hungerbühler K. Estimating consumer exposure to PFOS and PFOA. Risk Anal. 2008;28:251–69.CrossRef
  16.Pérez F, Nadal M, Navarro-Ortega A, Fàbrega F, Domingo JL, Barceló D, et al. Accumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances in human tissues. Environ Int. 2013;59:354–62.CrossRef
  17.Han X, Snow TA, Kemper RA, Jepson GW. Binding of perfluorooctanoic acid to rat and human plasma proteins. Chem Res Toxicol. 2003;16:775–81.CrossRef
  18.Seacat AM, Thomford PJ, Hansen KJ, Olsen GW, Case MT, Butenhoff JL. Subchronic toxicity studies on perfluorooctanesulfonate potassium salt in cynomolgus monkeys. Toxicol Sci. 2002;68:249–64.CrossRef
  19.Peng H, Wei Q, Wan Y, Giesy JP, Li L, Hu J. Tissue distribution and maternal transfer of poly- and perfluorinated compounds in Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis): implications for reproductive risk. Envir SciTechnol. 2010;44:1868–74.CrossRef
  20.Olsen GW, Chang S-C, Noker PE, Gorman GS, Ehresman DJ, Lieder PH, et al. A comparison of the pharmacokinetics of perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) in rats, monkeys, and humans. Toxicology. 2009;256:65–74.CrossRef
  21.Lau C. Perfluoroalkyl acids: recent research highlights. Reprod Toxicol. 2012;33:405–9.CrossRef
  22.Jain RB. Association between thyroid profile and perfluoroalkyl acids: data from NHNAES 2007–2008. Environ Res. 2013;126:51–9.CrossRef
  23.Kennedy GL, Butenhoff JL, Olsen GW, O’Connor JC, Seacat AM, Perkins RG, et al. The toxicology of perfluorooctanoate. Crit Rev in Toxicol. 2004;34:351–84.CrossRef
  24.OECD (2002) Hazard assessment of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its salts. http://​www.​oecd.​org/​chemicalsafety/​risk-assessment/​2382880.​pdf . Accessed 9 Oct 2015.
  25.USEPA. Draft risk assessment of the potential human health effects associated with exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its salts. Washington: USEPA; 2005.
  26.Stockholm Convention (2008) The new POPs under the Stockholm Convention. http://​chm.​pops.​int/​Convention/​ThePOPs/​TheNewPOPs/​tabid/​2511/​Default.​aspx . Accessed 9 Oct 2015.
  27.EU. Regulation(EC) No. 757/2012 of the Commission of 24 August 2010 concerning the amendment of Regulation(EC) No. 850/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning persistent organic pollutants with regard to Annexes I and III. Off J EU. 2010;L233:29–36.
  28.EU. Regulation (EC) No. 207/2011 of the Commission of 2 March 2011 concerning the amendment of Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals (REACH) with regard to Annex XVII (pentabromo diphenylether derivate and perfluoroctyl sulfonate). Off J EU. 2011;L58:27–8.
  29.Trojanowicz M, Koc M. Recent developments in methods for analysis of perfluorinated persistent pollutants. Microchim Acta. 2013;180:957–71.CrossRef
  30.Schroter-Kermani C, Muller J, Jurling H, Conrad A, Schulte C. Retrospective monitoring of perfluorocarboxylates and perfluorosulfonates in human plasma archived by the German Environmental Specimen Bank. Int J Hyg Envir Heal. 2013;216:633–40.CrossRef
  31.Yeung LWY, Taniyasu S, Kannan K, Xu DZY, Guruge KS, Lam PKS, et al. An analytical method for the determination of perfluorinated compounds in whole blood using acetonitrile and solid phase extraction methods. J Chromatogr A. 2009;1216:4950–6.CrossRef
  32.Reagen WK, Ellefson ME, Kannan K, Giesy JP. Comparison of extraction and quantification methods of perfluorinated compounds in human plasma, serum, and whole blood. Anal Chim Acta. 2008;628:214–21.CrossRef
  33.Manzano–Salgado CB, Casas M, López-Espinosa MJ, Ballester F, Basterrechea M, Grimalt JO, et al. Transfer of perfluoroalyl substances from moteher to fetus in a Spanish birth cohort. Environmental Research. 2015;142:471–8.CrossRef
  34.Lee YJ, Kim MK, Bae J, Yang JH. Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl compounds in maternal and umbilical cord sera and birth outcomes in Korea. Chemosphere. 2013;90:1603–9.CrossRef
  35.Lankova D, Lacina O, Pulkrabova J, Hajslova J. The determination of perfluoroalkyl substances, brominated flame retardants and their metabolites in human breast milk and infant formula. Talanta. 2013;117:318–25.CrossRef
  36.van Leeuwen SPJ, de Boer J. Extraction and clean-up strategies for the analysis of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in environmental and human matrices. J Chromatogr A. 2007;1153:172–85.CrossRef
  37.Iwasaki Y, Terayama E, Kato A, Ito R, Saito K, Makino T, et al. Quantitative analysis of perfluorinated chemicals in media for in vitro fertilization and related samples. Chemosphere. 2012;88:445–9.CrossRef
  38.Hansen KJ, Clemen LA, Ellefson ME, Johnson HO. Compound-specific, quantitative characterization of organic: fluorochemicals in biological matrices. Envir Sci Technol. 2001;35:766–70.CrossRef
  39.Kuklenyik Z, Needham LL, Calafat AM. Measurement of 18 perfluorinated organic acids and amides in human serum using on-line solid-phase extraction. Anal Chem. 2005;77:6085–91.CrossRef
  40.Inoue K, Okada F, Ito R, Kawaguchi M, Okanouchi N, Nakazawa H. Determination of perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctane sulfonylamide in human plasma by column-switching liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry coupled with solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr B. 2004;810:49–56.CrossRef
  41.Llorca M, Farre M, Pico Y, Barcelo D. Analysis of perfluorinated compounds in sewage sludge by pressurized solvent extraction followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2011;1218:4840–6.CrossRef
  42.Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Lopez de Alda MJ, Barcelo D. Advantages and limitations of on-line solid phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technologies versus biosensors for monitoring of emerging contaminants in water. J Chromatogr A. 2007;1152:97–115.CrossRef
  43.Couchman L. Turbulent flow chromatography in bionalysis: a review. Biomed Chromatogr. 2012;26:892–905.
  44.Perez F, Llorca M, Farre M, Barcelo D. Automated analysis of perfluorinated compounds in human hair and urine samples by turbulent flow chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2012;402:2369–78.CrossRef
  45.Llorca M, Perez F, Farre M, Agramunt S, Kogevinas M, Barcelo D. Analysis of perfluoroalkyl substances in cord blood by turbulent flow chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Sci Total Environ. 2012;433:151–60.CrossRef
  46.Kato K, Wong LY, Jia LT, Kuklenyik Z, Calaft AM. Trends in exposure to polyfluoroalkyl chemicals in the USA. Population: 1999–2008. Environ Sci Technol. 2011;45:8037–45.CrossRef
  47.Chan E, Sandhu M, Benskin JP, Ralitsch M, Thibault N, Birkholz D, et al. Endogenous high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry interferences and the case of perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) in human serum; are we overestimating exposure? Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2009;23:1405–10.CrossRef
  48.Ehresman DJ, Froehlich JW, Olsen GW, Chang S-C, Butenhoff JL. Comparison of human whole blood, plasma, and serum matrices for the determination of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and other fluorochemicals. Environ Res. 2007;103:176–84.CrossRef
  49.Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Alda MJ, Marco MP, Barcelo D. Biosensors for environmental monitoring. A global perspective. Talanta. 2005;65:291–7.
  50.Haug LS, Thomsen C, Becher G. A sensitive method for determination of a broad range of perfluorinated compounds in serum suitable for large-scale human biomonitoring. J Chromatogr A. 2009;1216:385–93.CrossRef
  51.Mosch C, Kiranoglu M, Fromme H, Volkel W. Simultaneous quantitation of perfluoroalkyl acids in human serum and breast milk using on-line sample preparation by HPLC column switching coupled to ESI-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B. 2010;878:2652–8.CrossRef
  52.Karrman A, Van Bavel B, Jamberg U, Hardell L, Lindstrom G. Development of a solid-phase extraction-HPLC/single quadrupole MS method for quantification of perfluorochemicals in whole blood. Anal Chem. 2005;77:864–70.CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Mónica Bartolomé (1)
  Alejandrina Gallego-Picó (2)
  Olga Huetos (1)
  Miguel Ángel Lucena (1)
  Argelia Castaño (1)
  
  1. Environmental Toxicology, National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo km 2, 28220, Majadahonda, Spain
  2. Department of Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Distance Education (UNED), 28040, Madrid, Spain
  
• 刊物类别：Chemistry and Materials Science
• 刊物主题：Chemistry
  Analytical Chemistry
  Food Science
  Inorganic Chemistry
  Physical Chemistry
  Monitoring, Environmental Analysis and Environmental Ecotoxicology
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1618-2650

文摘

We have developed and validated an on-line TurboFlow solid-phase extraction procedure coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of six perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), two sulfonates (perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorohexane sulfonate), three carboxylates (perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid and perfluorodecanoic acid), and one sulfonamide (N-methylperfluorooctane sulfonamide), in human serum samples. This method requires only 100 μL of sample and involves a short pre-treatment with acetonitrile followed by addition of a labelled internal standard for quantification and ultracentrifugation. All PFAS were detected with a run time of 8.5 min. Linearity ranges stay between 0.1 and 20 μg L−1 (R 2 > 0.9960). Recoveries were determined by spiking blank serum samples with a mixture of six PFAS and found to be in the range 96–110 % for all compounds. Isotopic dilution was used to quantify the selected analytes. The low limits of quantification obtained, between 0.16 and 0.34 μg L−1, small volume of sample required and short run time used (from two to three times shorter than any other described method), make this validated method highly recommended for human biomonitoring studies.