Pilot study assessing the effectiveness of factory-treated, long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing for the prevention of tick bites during occupational tick exposure in highly infested military training areas, Germany

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• 作者：Michael K. Faulde ; Martin Rutenfranz ; Alexander Keth ; Jürgen Hepke…
• 关键词：Permethrin ; impregnated clothing ; Pyrethroids ; Polymer ; coating impregnation technique ; Occupational tick exposure ; Tick bite prevention
• 刊名：Parasitology Research
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：February 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：114
• 期：2
• 页码：671-678
• 全文大小：1,023 KB
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  3. Banks SD, Murray N, Wilder-Smith A, Logan JG (2014) Insecticide-treated clothes fort he control of vector-borne diseases: a review on effectiveness and safety. Med Vet Entomol 28(S1):14-5 CrossRef
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  6. Estrada-Pe?a A, Ortega C, Sánchez N, DeSimone L, Sudre B, Suk JE, Semenza JC (2011) Correlation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato prevalence in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks with specific abiotiv traits in the Western Palearctic. Appl Environ Microbiol 77:3838-845 CrossRef
  7. Faulde MK, Robbins RG (2008) Tick infestation risk and / Borrelia burgdorferi a.l. infection-induced increase in host finding efficacy of female / Ixodes ricinus under natural conditions. Exp Appl Acarol 44:137-45 CrossRef
  8. Faulde MK, Uedelhoven WM, Robbins RG (2003) Contact toxicity and residual activity of different permethrin-based fabric impregnation methods for / Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), / Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae), and / Lepisma saccharina (Thysanura: Lepismatidae). J Med Entomol 40:935-41 CrossRef
  9. Faulde MK, Uedelhoven WM, Malerius M, Robbins RG (2006) Factory-based permethrin impregnation of uniforms: Residual activity against / Aedes aegypti and / Ixodes ricinus in battle dress uniforms worn under field conditions, and cross contamination during the laundering and storage process. Mil Med 171:472-77
  10. Faulde M, Scharninghausen J, Tisch M (2008) Preventive effect of permethrin impregnated clothing for humans exposed to / Ixodes ricinus ticks and associated / Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in Germany. Int J Med Microbiol 298(S1):321-24 CrossRef
  11. Faulde M, Rutenfranz M, Hepke J, Rogge M, G?rner A, Keth A (2014) Human tick infestation pattern, tick-bite rate and associated / Borrelia burgdorferi s.l.-infection risk during occupational tick exposure at the Seedorf military training area, northwestern Germany. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 5(5):594-99 CrossRef
  12. Ferquel E, Garnier M, Marie J, Bernede-Bauduin C, Baranton G, Pérez-Eid C, Postic D (2006) Prevalence of / Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasmataceae members in / Ixodes ricinus in Alsace, a focus of lyme borreliosis endemicity in France. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:3074-078 CrossRef
  13. Franke J, Hildebrandt A, Dorn W (2013) Exploring gaps on our knowledge on Lyme borreliosis spirochaetes—Updates on complex heterogeneity, ecology, and pathogenicity. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 4:11-5 CrossRef
  14. Ginsberg HS, Faulde MK (2008) Ticks. In: Bonnefoy X, Kampen H, Sweeney K (eds) Public health significance of urban pests. World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, pp 303-45
  15. Herrmann C, Gern L (2010) Survival of / Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) under challenging conditions of temperature and humidity is influenced by / Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection. J Med Entomol 47:1196-204 CrossRef
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• 作者单位：Michael K. Faulde (1) (2)
  Martin Rutenfranz (3)
  Alexander Keth (3)
  Jürgen Hepke (4)
  Mareike Rogge (4)
  Andreas G?rner (4)
  
  1. Department of Medical Entomology / Zoology, Central Institute of the Bundeswehr Medical Service, PO box 7340, 56065, Koblenz, Germany
  2. Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinics Bonn, 53105, Bonn, Germany
  3. Department of Health Affairs, Regional Medical Command II, Diez, Germany
  4. Department of Occupational Health, Bundeswehr Medical Center, Seedorf, Germany
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Biomedicine
  Medical Microbiology
  Microbiology
  Immunology
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-1955

文摘

The protective effectiveness of factory-based permethrin-impregnated polymer-coated battle dress uniforms (PTBDUs) against tick bites was evaluated at four military training areas in southwestern and central Germany where tick bite incidence is known to be high. Data were analyzed by comparing tick bite incidence using non-permethrin-treated BDUs (NTBDUs) during 2009 versus PTBDUs during 2010 and 2011, the first two years after their formal introduction for in-country use in the German Bundeswehr. During 2009, 262 individual tick bites were reported at the four training sites, resulting in a tick bite incidence of 8.8?% per exposed person when wearing NTBDUs only. In 2010 and 2011, one tick bite case occurred under field conditions each year that PTBDUs were worn, corresponding to a protective effectiveness of 99.6 and 98.6?%. These data imply an annual tick bite incidence of 0.035 and 0.078?% per exposed person, respectively. Between 2010 and 2011, a 0.8?% decline in the protective effectiveness of PTBDUs was observed. Five tick bite incidents occurred while wearing non-impregnated parkas over correctly worn PTBDUs. Ixodes ricinus ticks were collected by standard tick drags from 2009 to 2011, with high mean annual densities ranging from 28.9 to 106.5 ticks per 100?m2, while single drags revealed tick densities between zero and 381 ticks per 100?m2. Overall, 4596 I. ricinus ticks (54 ? 82 ♀, 1776 nymphs, and 2684 larvae) were collected, of which 128 (2.8?%; mean annual range, 0-0.1?%) were Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. positive. The Borrelia genospecies distribution was as follows: 112 (87.5?%) Borrelia afzelii, 10 (7.8?%) B. burgdorferi s.s., and 6 (4.7?%) Borrelia garinii. Neither the tick density means from 2009 to 2011 nor associated B. burgdorferi s.l. prevalences differed significantly among the military locations investigated. The documented tick bite reductions clearly demonstrate the powerful protective effectiveness of properly worn PTBDUs against tick bites. Nevertheless, all apparel worn over PTBDUs should also be impregnated with permethrin in order to prevent tick infestation and subsequent bites.