Increase number of mitochondrion-like organelle in symptomatic Blastocystis subtype 3 due to metronidazole treatment

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Kalyani Raman ; Suresh Kumar ; Tan Tian Chye
• 关键词：Blastocystis ; Metronidazole ; Amoeboid ; Subtype 3 ; Symptomatic ; Asymptomatic
• 刊名：Parasitology Research
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：115
• 期：1
• 页码：391-396
• 全文大小：987 KB
• 参考文献：Armentia A, Mendez J, Gomez A, Sanchis E, Fernandez A, De La Fuente R, Sanchez P (1992) Urticaria by Blastocystis hominis. Successful treatment with paromomycin. Allergol Immunopathol 21(4):149–151
  Bohm-Gloning B (1997) Five subgroups of Blastocystis hominis from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients revealed by restriction site analysis of PCR-amplified 16S-like rDNA. Trop Med Int Health 2:771–778CrossRef PubMed
  Cassano N, Scoppio BM, Loviglio MC, Vena G (2005) Remission of delayed pressure urticaria after eradication of Blastocystis hominis. Acta Derm Venereol 1(1):1
  Dogruman-Al F, Yoshikawa H, Kustimur S, Balaban N (2009) PCR-based subtyping of Blastocystis isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in a major hospital in Ankara, Turkey. Parasitol Res 106(1):263–268CrossRef PubMed
  Dunne RL, Dunn LA, Upcroft P, O'Donoghue PJ, Upcroft JA (2003) Drug resistance in the sexually transmitted protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Cell Res 13(4):239–249CrossRef PubMed
  Gal M, Brazier J (2004) Metronidazole resistance in Bacteroides spp. carrying nim genes and the selection of slow-growing metronidazole-resistant mutants. J Antimicrob Chemother 54(1):109–116CrossRef PubMed
  Gericke AS, Burchard GD, Knobloch J, Walderich B (1997) Isoenzyme patterns of Blastocystis hominis patient isolates derived from symptomatic and healthy carriers. Trop Med Int Health 2(3):245–253CrossRef PubMed
  Gupta R, Parsi K (2006) Chronic urticaria due to Blastocystis hominis. Australas J Dermatol 47(2):117–119CrossRef PubMed
  Hussein EM, Hussein AM, Eida MM, Atwa MM (2008) Pathophysiological variability of different genotypes of human Blastocystis hominis Egyptian isolates in experimentally infected rats. Parasitol Res 102(5):853–860CrossRef PubMed
  Katsarou-Katsari A, Vassalos CM, Tzanetou K, Spanakos G, Papadopoulou C, Vakalis N (2008) Acute urticaria associated with amoeboid forms of Blastocystis sp. subtype 3. Acta Derm Venereol 88(1):80–81CrossRef PubMed
  Kukoschke K, Müller H (1991) SDS-PAGE and immunological analysis of different axenic Blastocystis hominis strains. J Med Microbiol 35(1):35–39CrossRef PubMed
  Land KM, Johnson PJ (1997) Molecular mechanisms underlying metronidazole resistance in trichomonads. Exp Parasitol 87(3):305–308CrossRef PubMed
  Lanuza M, Carbajal J, Villar J, Mir A, Borras R (1999) Soluble-protein and antigenic heterogeneity in axenic Blastocystis hominis isolates: pathogenic implications. Parasitol Res 85(2):93–97CrossRef PubMed
  Lucia J, Aguilar C, Betran A (2007) Blastocystis hominis colitis in a haemophilic patient as a cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Haemophilia 13(2):224–225CrossRef PubMed
  Mansour N, Mikhail E, El Masry N, Sabry A, Mohareb E (1995) Biochemical characterisation of human isolates of Blastocystis hominis. J Med Microbiol 42(4):304–307CrossRef PubMed
  Moghaddam DD, Ghadirian E, Azami M (2005) Blastocystis hominis and the evaluation of efficacy of metronidazole and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Parasitol Res 96(4):273–275CrossRef PubMed
  Nassir E, Awad J, Abel A, Khoury J, Shay M, Lejbkowicz F (2004) Blastocystis hominis as a cause of hypoalbuminemia and anasarca. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 23(5):399–402CrossRef PubMed
  Pérez-Brocal V, Clark CG (2008) Analysis of two genomes from the mitochondrion-like organelle of the intestinal parasite Blastocystis: complete sequences, gene content, and genome organization. Mol Biol Evol 25(11):2475–2482PubMedCentral CrossRef PubMed
  Ragavan ND, Govind SK, Chye TT, Mahadeva S (2014) Phenotypic variation in Blastocystis sp. ST3. Parasites Vectors 7:404PubMedCentral CrossRef PubMed
  Rajamanikam A, Govind SK (2013) Amoebic forms of Blastocystis spp.—evidence for a pathogenic role. Parasites Vectors 6(1):295PubMedCentral CrossRef PubMed
  Singh M, Suresh K, Ho L, Ng G, Yap E (1995) Elucidation of the life cycle of the intestinal protozoan Blastocystis hominis. Parasitol Res 81(5):446–450CrossRef PubMed
  Souppart L et al (2009) Molecular epidemiology of human Blastocystis isolates in France. Parasitol Res 105(2):413–421CrossRef PubMed
  Stechmann A, Hamblin K, Pérez-Brocal V, Gaston D, Richmond GS, Van der Giezen M, Roger AJ (2008) Organelles in Blastocystis that blur the distinction between mitochondria and hydrogenosomes. Curr Biol 18(8):580–585PubMedCentral CrossRef PubMed
  Stensvold C, Arendrup M, Nielsen H, Bada A, Thorsen S (2008) Symptomatic infection with Blastocystis sp. subtype 8 successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 102(3):271–274CrossRef PubMed
  Stensvold CR, Smith HV, Nagel R, Olsen KE, Traub RJ (2010) Eradication of Blastocystis carriage with antimicrobials: reality or delusion? J Clin Gastroenterol 44(2):85–90CrossRef PubMed
  Suresh K, Howe J, Chong S, Ng G, Ho L, Loh A, Singh M (1994) Ultrastructural changes during in vitro encystment of Blastocystis hominis. Parasitol Res 80(4):327–335CrossRef PubMed
  Tan KS (2008) New insights on classification, identification, and clinical relevance of Blastocystis spp. Clin Microbiol Rev 21(4):639–665PubMedCentral CrossRef PubMed
  Tan T, Suresh K (2006) Amoeboid form of Blastocystis hominis—a detailed ultrastructural insight. Parasitol Res 99(6):737–742CrossRef PubMed
  Tan T, Suresh K, Smith H (2008) Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of Blastocystis hominis isolates implicates subtype 3 as a subtype with pathogenic potential. Parasitol Res 104(1):85–93CrossRef PubMed
  Wong KH, Ng G, Lin RT, Yoshikawa H, Taylor MB, Tan KS (2008) Predominance of subtype 3 among Blastocystis isolates from a major hospital in Singapore. Parasitol Res 102(4):663–670CrossRef PubMed
  Yoshikawa H, Wu Z, Kimata I, Iseki M, Ali IKM, Hossain MB, Takahashi Y (2004) Polymerase chain reaction-based genotype classification among human Blastocystis hominis populations isolated from different countries. Parasitol Res 92(1):22–29CrossRef PubMed
  Zhang X, Zhang S, Qiao J, Wu X, Zhao L, Liu Y, Fan X (2012) Ultrastructural insights into morphology and reproductive mode of Blastocystis hominis. Parasitol Res 110(3):1165–1172CrossRef PubMed
  
• 作者单位：Kalyani Raman (1)
  Suresh Kumar (1)
  Tan Tian Chye (1)
  
  1. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Biomedicine
  Medical Microbiology
  Microbiology
  Immunology
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-1955

文摘

Blastocystis sp., an intestinal organism is known to cause diarrhea with metronidazole regarded as the first line of treatment despite reports of its resistance. The conflicting reports of variation in drug treatment have been ascribed to subtype differences. The present study evaluated in vitro responses due to metronidazole on ST3 isolated from three symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, respectively. Symptomatic isolates were obtained from clinical patients who showed symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal bloating. Asymptomatic isolates from a stool survey carried out in a rural area. These patients had no other pathogens other than Blastocystis. Ultrastructural studies using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed drug-treated ST3 from symptomatic patients were irregular and amoebic with surface showing high-convoluted folding when treated with metronidazole. These organisms had higher number of mitochondrion-like organelle (MLO) with prominent cristae. However, the drug-treated ST3 from asymptomatic persons remained spherical in shape. Asymptomatic ST3 showed increase in the size of its central body with the MLO located at the periphery.