Increasing arousal enhances inhibitory control in calm but not excitable dogs

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• 作者：Emily E. Bray ; Evan L. MacLean ; Brian A. Hare
• 关键词：Inhibitory control ; Arousal ; Canine ; Cognition ; Assistance dogs
• 刊名：Animal Cognition
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：November 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：18
• 期：6
• 页码：1317-1329
• 全文大小：1,226 KB
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• 作者单位：Emily E. Bray (1)
  Evan L. MacLean (2) (4)
  Brian A. Hare (2) (3)
  
  1. Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
  2. Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
  4. School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
  3. Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Behavioural Sciences
  Zoology
  Human Physiology
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1435-9456

文摘

The emotional-reactivity hypothesis proposes that problem-solving abilities can be constrained by temperament, within and across species. One way to test this hypothesis is with the predictions of the Yerkes–Dodson law. The law posits that arousal level, a component of temperament, affects problem solving in an inverted U-shaped relationship: Optimal performance is reached at intermediate levels of arousal and impeded by high and low levels. Thus, a powerful test of the emotional-reactivity hypothesis is to compare cognitive performance in dog populations that have been bred and trained based in part on their arousal levels. We therefore compared a group of pet dogs to a group of assistance dogs bred and trained for low arousal (N = 106) on a task of inhibitory control involving a detour response. Consistent with the Yerkes–Dodson law, assistance dogs, which began the test with lower levels of baseline arousal, showed improvements when arousal was artificially increased. In contrast, pet dogs, which began the test with higher levels of baseline arousal, were negatively affected when their arousal was increased. Furthermore, the dogs-baseline levels of arousal, as measured in their rate of tail wagging, differed by population in the expected directions. Low-arousal assistance dogs showed the most inhibition in a detour task when humans eagerly encouraged them, while more highly aroused pet dogs performed worst on the same task with strong encouragement. Our findings support the hypothesis that selection on temperament can have important implications for cognitive performance. Keywords Inhibitory control Arousal Canine Cognition Assistance dogs