Crematogaster system that differs from other cases. Flowers of M. hullettii in the Gombak Valley were destroyed by all three associated specific and otherwise protective Crematogaster species. The hypotheses that limitation of nesting space or food are main proximate factors for flower destruction were not strongly supported in our study system. Ants are even attracted to flowers by special food bodies produced by the plants. Only younger, not yet reproductive colonies were found to destroy flowers but not colonies with alates, indicating that flower sterilization behavior may only occur when the onset of host reproduction precedes ant reproduction, perhaps leading to a change in ant behavior. Fruit set always occurred in larger trees, and saplings for colonizing ant queens were therefore always present in the local population, stabilizing the association." />
Temporary sterilization behavior of mutualistic partner ants in a Southeast Asian myrmecophyte
详细信息    查看全文
  • 作者：Brigitte Fiala ; Ute Meyer ; Rosli bin Hashim ; Ulrich Maschwitz
  • 关键词：Ant–plant conflicts ; Castration ; Crematogaster ; Macaranga ; Myrmecophytes ; Malaysia
  • 刊名：Ecological Research
  • 出版年：2014
  • 出版时间：September 2014
  • 年：2014
  • 卷：29
  • 期：5
  • 页码：815-822
  • 全文大小：409 KB
  • 参考文献：1. Bronstein JL (1998) The contribution of ant–plant protection studies to our understanding of mutualism. Biotropica 30:150-61. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00050.x CrossRef
    2. Davies SJ, Palmiotto PA, Ashton PS, Lee HS, LaFrankie JV Jr (1998) Comparative ecology of 11 sympatric species of / Macaranga in Borneo: tree distribution in relation to horizontal and vertical resource heterogeneity. J Ecol 86:662-73. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00299.x CrossRef
    3. Dejean A, Quilichin A, Delabie JHC, Orivel J, Corbara B, Gibernau M (2004) Influence of its associated ant species on the life history of the myrmecophyte / Cordia nodosa in French Guiana. J Trop Ecol 20:701-04. doi:10.1017/S026646740400183X CrossRef
    4. Edwards DP, Yu DW (2008) Tolerating sterilization by hiding flowers in plain sight. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 63:95-02 0.1007/s00265-008-0639-8 CrossRef
    5. Edwards DP, Hassall M, Sutherland WJ, Yu DW (2006) Selection for protection in an ant–plant mutualism: host sanctions, host modularity, and the principal-agent game. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 273:595-02. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17591.x CrossRef
    6. Edwards DP, Ansell FA, Woodcock P, Fayle TM, Chey VK, Hamer KC (2010) Can the failure to punish promote cheating in mutualism? Oikos 119:45-2. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17591.x CrossRef
    7. Feldhaar H, Fiala B, Hashim Rb, Maschwitz U (2000) Maintaining an ant–plant symbiosis: secondary polygyny in the / Macaranga triloba-em class="a-plus-plus">Crematogaster sp. association. Naturwissenschaften 87:408-11. doi:10.1007/s001140050751 CrossRef
    8. Feldhaar H, Fiala B, Hashim Rb, Maschwitz U (2003) Patterns of the / Crematogaster–Macaranga association: the ant partner makes the difference. Insect Soc 50:9-9. doi:10.1007/s000400300002 CrossRef
    9. Feldhaar H, Fiala B, Gadau J (2005) A shift in colony founding behaviour in an obligate plant-ant from single queens to foundress associations and polygynous colonies. Insect Soc 52:22-30. doi:10.1007/s00040-004-0797-2 CrossRef
    10. Feldhaar H, Gadau J, Fiala B (2010) Speciation in obligately plant-associated / Crematogaster ants: host-distribution rather than adaption towards specific hosts drives the process. In: Glaubrecht M, Schneider H (eds) Evolution in action––adaptive radiations and the origins of biodiversity. Springer, Berlin, pp 193-13
    11. Fiala B, Maschwitz U (1990) Studies on the South East Asian ant–plant association / Crematogaster borneensis/Macaranga: adaptations of the ant partner. Insect Soc 37:212-31 CrossRef
    12. Fiala B, Maschwitz U (1992) Food bodies in the genus / Macaranga and their significance for the evolution of myrmecophytism. Bot J Linn Soc 110:61-5. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1992.tb00416.x CrossRef
    13. Fiala B, Maschwitz U, Tho YP, Helbig AJ (1989) Studies of a South East Asian ant–plant association: protection of / Macaranga trees by / Crematogaster borneensis. Oecologia 79:463-70 CrossRef
    14. Fiala B, Grunsky H, Maschwitz U, Linsenmair KE (1994) Diversity of ant–plant interactions: protective efficacy in / Macaranga species with different degrees of ant-association. Oecologia 97:186-92. doi:10.1007/BF00323148 CrossRef
    15. Fiala B, Jakob A, Maschwitz U, Linsenmair KE (1999) Diversity, evolutionary specialisation and geographic distribution of a mutualistic ant–plant complex: / Macaranga and / Crematogaster in South East Asia. Biol J Linn Soc 66:305-31. doi:10.1006/bijl.1998.0279
    16. Fiala B, Meyer U, Rosli H, Maschwitz U (2011) Pollination systems in pioneer trees of the genus / Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) in Malaysian rainforests. Biol J Linn Soc 103:935-53. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01680.x CrossRef
    17. Fonseca CR (1999) Amazonian ant–plant interactions and the nesting space limitation hypothesis. J Trop Ecol 15:807-25. doi:10.1017/S0266467499001194 CrossRef
    18. Frederickson ME (2009) Conflict over reproduction in an ant–plant symbiosis: why / Allomerus octoarticulatus ants sterilize / Cordia nodosa trees. Am Nat 173:675-81. doi:10.1086/597608 CrossRef
    19. Frederickson ME, Gordon DM (2009) The intertwined population biology of two Amazonian myrmecophytes and their symbiotic ants. Ecology 90:1595-607. doi:10.1890/08-0010.1 CrossRef
    20. Frederickson ME, Ravenscraft A, Miller GA, Arcila Hernández LM, Booth G, Pierce NE (2012) The direct and ecological costs of an ant–plant symbiosis. Am Nat 179:768-78. doi:10.1086/665654 CrossRef
    21. Gaume L, Zacharias M, Borges RM (2005) Ant–plant conflicts and a novel case of sterilization parasitism in a myrmecophyte. Evol Ecol Res 7:435-52
    22. Heil M, McKey D (2003) Protective ant–plant interactions as model systems in ecological and evolutionary research. Ann Rev Ecol Evol Syst 34:425-53. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132410 CrossRef
    23. Heil M, Fiala B, Linsenmair KE, Zotz G, Menke P, Maschwitz U (1997) Food body production in / Macaranga triloba (Euphorbiaceae): a plant investment in anti-herbivore defence via symbiotic ant partners. J Ecol 85:847-61. doi:10.2307/2960606 CrossRef
    24. Heil M, Fiala B, Maschwitz U, Linsenmair KE (2001) On the benefits of indirect defence: short- and long-term studies in antiherbivore protection via mutualistic ants. Oecologia 126:395-03. doi:10.1007/s004420000532 CrossRef
    25. Heil M, Feil D, Hilpert A, Linsenmair KE (2004) Spatio-temporal patterns in indirect defence of a Southeast Asian ant–plant support the optimal defence hypothesis. J Trop Ecol 20:573-80. doi:10.1017/S0266467404001567 CrossRef
    26. Heil M, González-Teuber M, Clement LW, Kautz S, Verhaagh M, Silva Bueno JC (2009) Divergent investment strategies of / Acacia myrmecophytes and the coexistence of mutualists and exploiters. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:18091-8096. doi:10.1073/pnas.0904304106 CrossRef
    27. Itino T, Itioka T, Hatada A, Hamid AA (2001) Effects of food rewards offered by ant–plant / Macaranga on the colony size of ants. Ecol Res 16:775-86. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1703.2001.00433.x CrossRef
    28. Itioka T, Nomura M, Inui Y, Itino T, Inoue T (2000) Difference in intensity of ant defense among three species of / Macaranga myrmecophytes in a Southeast Asian dipterocarp forest. Biotropica 32:318-26. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2000.tb00475.x CrossRef
    29. Izzo TJ, Vasconcelos HL (2002) Cheating the cheater: domatia loss minimizes the effects of ant sterilization in an Amazonian ant–plant. Oecologia 133:200-05. doi:10.1007/s00442-002-1027-0 CrossRef
    30. Malé P-JG, Leroy C, Dejean A, Quilichini A, Orivel J (2012) An ant symbiont directly and indirectly limits its host plant’s reproductive success. Evol Ecol 26:55-3. doi:10.1007/s10682-011-9485-7 CrossRef
    31. Malé P-JG, Ferdy J-B, Leroy C, Roux O, Lauth J, Avilez A, Dejean A, Quilichini A, Orivel J (2014) Retaliation in response to sterilization promotes a low level of virulence in an ant–plant mutualism. Evol Biol. doi:10.1007/s11692-013-9242-7
    32. Maschwitz U, Fiala B, Dumpert K (2004) An unusual myrmecophytic / Macaranga association, occurring in a disjunct area in the monsoon zone of Southeast Asia: phenology and description of the ant species. Ecotropica 10:33-9
    33. Merbach MA, Zizka G, Fiala B, Merbach D, Booth WE, Maschwitz U (2007) Why a carnivorous plant cooperates with an ant: selective defense against pitcher-destroying weevils in the myrmecophytic pitcher plant / Nepenthes bicalcarata Hook F. Ecotropica 13:45-6
    34. Moog U, Fiala B, Federle W, Maschwitz U (2002) Thrips pollination of the dioecious ant–plant / Macaranga hullettii (Euphorbiaceae) in Southeast Asia. Am J Bot 89:50-9 CrossRef
    35. Moog J, Fiala B, Werner M, Weissflog A, Maschwitz U (2003) Ant-plant diversity in Peninsular Malaysia, with special reference to the Pasoh Forest Reserve. In: Okuda T, Niiyama K, Thomas S (eds) Pasoh: ecology and natural history of a Southeast Asian tropical rainforest. Springer, Tokyo, pp 459-94 CrossRef
    36. Murase K, Yamane S, Itino T, Itioka T (2010) Multiple factors maintaining high species-specificity in / Macaranga–Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) myrmecophytism: higher mortality in mismatched ant-seedling pairs. Sociobiology 55:883-98
    37. Nomura M, Itioka T, Itino T (2000) Variations in abiotic defense within myrmecophytic and non-myrmecophytic species of / Macaranga in a Bornean dipterocarp forest. Ecol Res 15:1-1. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1703.2000.00318.x CrossRef
    38. Orivel J, Lambs L, Malé P-JG, Leroy C, Grangier J, Otto T, Quilichini A, Dejean A (2011) Dynamics of the association between a long-lived understory myrmecophyte and its specific associated ants. Oecologia 165:369-76. doi:10.1007/s00442-010-1739-5 CrossRef
    39. Orona-Tamayo D, Heil M (2013) Stabilizing mutualisms threatened by exploiters: new insights from ant–plant research. Biotropica 45:654-65. doi:10.1111/btp.12059 CrossRef
    40. Pringle EG, Dirzo R, Gordon DM (2012) Plant defense, herbivory, and the growth of / Cordia alliodora trees and their symbiotic / Azteca ant colonies. Oecologia 170:677-85. doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2340 CrossRef
    41. Rico-Gray V, Oliveira PS (2007) The ecology and evolution of ant–plant interactions. University of Chicago Press, Chicago CrossRef
    42. Solano PJ, Belin-Depoux M, Dejean A (2005) Formation and structure of food bodies in / Cordia nodosa (Boraginaceae). C R Biol 328:642-47. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2005.05.004 CrossRef
    43. Stanton ML, Palmer TM (2011) The high cost of mutualism: effects of four species of East African ant symbionts on their myrmecophyte host tree. Ecology 92:1073-082 CrossRef
    44. Stanton ML, Palmer TM, Young TP, Evans A, Turner ML (1999) Sterilization and canopy modification of a swollen thorn acacia tree by a plant–ant. Nature 401:578-81. doi:10.1038/44119 CrossRef
    45. Szilágyi A, Scheuring I, Edwards DP, Orivel J, Yu DW (2009) The evolution of intermediate sterilization virulence and ant coexistence in a spatially structured environment. Ecol Lett 12:1306-316. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01382.x CrossRef
    46. Yamasaki E, Inui Y, Sakai S (2013) Production of food bodies on the reproductive organs of myrmecophytic / Macaranga species (Euphorbiaceae): effects on interactions with herbivores and pollinators. Plant Species Biol. doi:10.1111/1442-1984.12015
    47. Young TP, Stubblefield CH, Isbell LA (1997) Ants on swollen-thorn acacias: species coexistence in a simple system. Oecologia 109:98-07. doi:10.1007/s004420050063 CrossRef
    48. Yu DW (2001) Parasites of mutualisms. Biol J Linn Soc 72:529-46. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2001.tb01336.x CrossRef
    49. Yu DW, Pierce NE (1998) A sterilization parasite of an ant–plant mutualism. Proc Biol Sci 265:375-82. doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0305 CrossRef
  • 作者单位：Brigitte Fiala (1)
    Ute Meyer (2)
    Rosli bin Hashim (3)
    Ulrich Maschwitz (4)

    1. Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
    2. Cottbus, Germany
    3. Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    4. Anemonenweg 33, 63263, Neu-Isenburg, Germany
  • ISSN：1440-1703
文摘
Obligate ant–plant interactions are known to be mutualistic but plant-ants that destroy flowers of their hosts have been reported. They were regarded as parasites in myrmecophytic systems. The mechanisms that lead to flower damage (sterilization) by plant-ants are not easy to understand as most sterilizing ants are actually regular colonizers of their plants and normally offer protection against herbivores and/or plant competition. It is difficult to find general patterns of ant or plant traits even in the few yet known associations of flower sterilization. We here present the first study from Southeast Asia where flower sterilizing occurs in the complex mutualistic Macaranga-em class="a-plus-plus">Crematogaster system that differs from other cases. Flowers of M. hullettii in the Gombak Valley were destroyed by all three associated specific and otherwise protective Crematogaster species. The hypotheses that limitation of nesting space or food are main proximate factors for flower destruction were not strongly supported in our study system. Ants are even attracted to flowers by special food bodies produced by the plants. Only younger, not yet reproductive colonies were found to destroy flowers but not colonies with alates, indicating that flower sterilization behavior may only occur when the onset of host reproduction precedes ant reproduction, perhaps leading to a change in ant behavior. Fruit set always occurred in larger trees, and saplings for colonizing ant queens were therefore always present in the local population, stabilizing the association.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083

电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700