Constraints regarding gold deposition in episyenites: the Permian episyenites associated with the Villalcampo Shear Zone, central western Spain
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- 作者：Francisco Javier López-Moro (1)
María Candelas Moro (1)
Susana María Timón (3)
María Luisa Cembranos (1)
Juan Cózar (2) - 关键词：Gold ; bearing episyenites ; Sulphide deposition ; Chemical uraninite age ; Fluid inclusions ; Stable isotopes ; Villalcampo Shear Zone
- 刊名：International Journal of Earth Sciences
- 出版年：2013
- 出版时间：April 2013
- 年：2013
- 卷：102
- 期：3
- 页码：721-744
- 全文大小：1511KB
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María Candelas Moro (1)
Susana María Timón (3)
María Luisa Cembranos (1)
Juan Cózar (2)
1. Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos s/n, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
3. Dpto. de Investigación en Recursos Geológicos, Instituto Geológico y Minero de Espa?a, Unidad de Salamanca, C/Azafranal 48, 1o A, 37001, Salamanca, Spain
2. CIEMAT, Avd. Complutense 22, 28004, Madrid, Spain - ISSN：1437-3262
文摘
The Villalcampo Shear Zone (around 307?Ma) shows second-order shear zones (420-90?°C) with gold ore bodies hosted by episyenites, which consist of albite episyenites (albitites) and albite-Kfs episyenites, both types with different contents in sulphides and gold. Mass transfer modelling supports higher fluid/rock ratios in albitites than in albite-Kfs episyenites. The study of worldwide barren and gold-bearing episyenites reveals abundant sulphides in the latter as a distinguishing feature. The electrochemical processes at the surface of sulphide would have enhanced gold precipitation, sulphides working as a gold trap. A complex fluid history occurred in gold ore bodies hosted by episyenites, although in essence, it was similar to quartz-sealed faults hosting late Variscan gold deposits: (a) an early fluid equilibrated with the metamorphic pile with sulphides or with a metamorphic fingerprint, resulted in a sulphide deposition and (b) a shallower fluid reservoir of meteoric origin provided gold deposition. In contrast to earlier claims regarding episyenite fluid flow, a down temperature and probably an upwards fluid flow are proposed for the episyenitization process, also in keeping with the early stages of fluid flow in quartz-sealed faults. Fluid inclusions in albite confirm that the striking coupled quartz leaching albitization processes occurred around 400?°C and 60?MPa, crosscutting the retrograde solubility field of silica and yielding a vuggy rock. Initially, albite, and later quartz and sulphide, filled the vugs from the same or a very similar fluid. Uraninites deposited during the albitization and probably the onset of the sulphide deposition afforded the same age (270?±?12?Ma) as other Spanish episyenites, confirming a synchronous and a regional-scale process and ruling out a relationship with the granite cooling history (324?±?11?Ma).