Food Web Bioaccumulation Model for Resident Killer Whales from the Northeastern Pacific Ocean as a Tool for the Derivation of PBDE-Sediment Quality Guidelines

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• 作者：Juan José Alava ; Peter S. Ross…
• 刊名：Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：70
• 期：1
• 页码：155-168
• 全文大小：695 KB
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• 作者单位：Juan José Alava (1) (2)
  Peter S. Ross (2)
  Frank A. P. C. Gobas (1)
  
  1. School of Resource and Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
  2. Ocean Pollution Research Program, Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre, PO Box 3232, Vancouver, BC, V6B 3X8, Canada
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Terrestrial Pollution
  Agriculture
  Ecology
  Forestry
  Environment
  Soil Science and Conservation
  
• 出版者：Springer New York
• ISSN：1432-0703

文摘

Resident killer whale populations in the NE Pacific Ocean are at risk due to the accumulation of pollutants, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). To assess the impact of PBDEs in water and sediments in killer whale critical habitat, we developed a food web bioaccumulation model. The model was designed to estimate PBDE concentrations in killer whales based on PBDE concentrations in sediments and the water column throughout a lifetime of exposure. Calculated and observed PBDE concentrations exceeded the only toxicity reference value available for PBDEs in marine mammals (1500 μg/kg lipid) in southern resident killer whales but not in northern resident killer whales. Temporal trends (1993–2006) for PBDEs observed in southern resident killer whales showed a doubling time of ≈5 years. If current sediment quality guidelines available in Canada for polychlorinated biphenyls are applied to PBDEs, it can be expected that PBDE concentrations in killer whales will exceed available toxicity reference values by a large margin. Model calculations suggest that a PBDE concentration in sediments of approximately 1.0 μg/kg dw produces PBDE concentrations in resident killer whales that are below the current toxicity reference value for 95 % of the population, with this value serving as a precautionary benchmark for a management-based approach to reducing PBDE health risks to killer whales. The food web bioaccumulation model may be a useful risk management tool in support of regulatory protection for killer whales.