Dynamic Ruptures on a Frictional Interface with Off-Fault Brittle Damage: Feedback Mechanisms and Effects on Slip and Near-Fault Motion
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  • 作者：Shiqing Xu (1) (2)
    Yehuda Ben-Zion (1)
    Jean-Paul Ampuero (3)
    Vladimir Lyakhovsky (4)

    1. Department of Earth Sciences     ; University of Southern California ; Los Angeles ; CA ; 90089-0740 ; USA
    2. National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention     ; Tsukuba ; Ibaraki ; 305-0006 ; Japan
    3. Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences     ; California Institute of Technology ; Pasadena ; CA ; 91125 ; USA
    4. Geological Survey of Israel     ; Jerusalem ; 95501 ; Israel
  • 关键词：Mechanics of faulting ; dynamic rupture ; fault zone rheology ; friction ; fracture ; brittle damage
  • 刊名：Pure and Applied Geophysics
  • 出版年：2015
  • 出版时间：May 2015
  • 年：2015
  • 卷：172
  • 期：5
  • 页码：1243-1267
  • 全文大小：5,198 KB
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  • 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
  • 刊物主题：Earth sciences
    Geophysics and Geodesy
  • 出版者：Birkh盲user Basel
  • ISSN：1420-9136
文摘
The spontaneous generation of brittle rock damage near and behind the tip of a propagating rupture can produce dynamic feedback mechanisms that modify significantly the rupture properties, seismic radiation, and generated fault zone structure. In this work, we study such feedback mechanisms for single rupture events and their consequences for earthquake physics and various possible observations. This is done through numerical simulations of in-plane dynamic ruptures on a frictional fault with bulk behavior governed by a brittle damage rheology that incorporates reduction of elastic moduli in off-fault yielding regions. The model simulations produce several features that modify key properties of the ruptures, local wave propagation, and fault zone damage. These include (1) dynamic generation of near-fault regions with lower elastic properties, (2) dynamic changes of normal stress on the fault, (3) rupture transition from crack-like to a detached pulse, (4) emergence of a rupture mode consisting of a train of pulses, (5) quasi-periodic modulation of slip rate on the fault, and (6) asymmetric near-fault ground motion with higher amplitude and longer duration on the side with reduced elastic moduli. The results can have significant implications to multiple topics ranging from rupture directivity and local amplification of seismic motion to near-fault tremor-like signals.

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