Extra-cardiac findings in cardiovascular magnetic resonance: what the imaging cardiologist needs to know

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• 作者：Jonathan C. L. Rodrigues ; Stephen M. Lyen…
• 关键词：Extra ; cardiac findings ; Extra ; cardiac pathology ; Incidental findings ; Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance ; CMR
• 刊名：Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：January 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：18
• 期：1
• 全文大小：4,040 KB
• 刊物主题：Imaging / Radiology; Angiology; Cardiology;
• 出版者：BioMed Central
• ISSN：1532-429X
• 卷排序：18

文摘

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is an established non-invasive technique to comprehensively assess cardiovascular structure and function in a variety of acquired and inherited cardiac conditions. A significant amount of the neck, thorax and upper abdomen are imaged at the time of routine clinical CMR, particularly in the initial multi-slice axial and coronal images. The discovery of unsuspected disease at the time of imaging has ethical, financial and medico-legal implications. Extra-cardiac findings at the time of CMR are common, can be important and can change clinical management. Certain patient groups undergoing CMR are at particular risk of important extra-cardiac findings as several of the cardiovascular risk factors for atherosclerosis are also risk factors for malignancy. Furthermore, the presence of certain extra-cardiac findings may contribute to the interpretation of the primary cardiac pathology as some cardiac conditions have multi-systemic extra-cardiac involvement. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the type of extra-cardiac findings that may become apparent on CMR, subdivided by anatomical location. We focus on normal variant anatomy that may mimic disease, common incidental extra-cardiac findings and important imaging signs that help distinguish sinister pathology from benign disease. We also aim to provide a framework to the approach and potential further diagnostic work-up of incidental extra-cardiac findings discovered at the time of CMR. However, it is beyond the scope of this review to discuss and determine the clinical significance of extracardiac findings at CMR.