The Wnt/尾-catenin pathway in human fibrotic-like diseases and its eligibility as a therapeutic target

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• 作者：Maria Vittoria Enzo ; Marco Rastrelli…
• 关键词：Wnt pathway ; Adenomatous polyposis coli ; Beta ; catenin ; Inflammatory factors ; Fibrosis ; Desmoid ; like fibromatosis
• 刊名：Molecular and Cellular Therapies
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：3
• 期：1
• 全文大小：2224KB
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• 作者单位：Maria Vittoria Enzo (1)
  Marco Rastrelli (2)
  Carlo Riccardo Rossi (2) (3)
  Uros Hladnik (1)
  Daniela Segat (1)
  
  1. Genetics Unit, 鈥淢auro Baschirotto鈥?Institute for Rare Diseases, Via B. Bizio, 1- 36023, Vicenza, Italy
  2. Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCSS, Via Gattamelata, 64-35128, Padua, Italy
  3. Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Science, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2- 35124, Padua, Italy
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedicine general; Gene Therapy; Molecular Medicine;
• 刊物主题：Biomedicine general; Gene Therapy; Molecular Medicine;
• 出版者：BioMed Central
• ISSN：2052-8426

文摘

The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is involved in a variety of biological processes like cell proliferation, cell polarity, and cell fate determination. This pathway has been extensively investigated as its deregulation is linked to different diseases, including various types of cancer, skeletal defects, birth defect disorders (including neural tube defects), metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and several fibrotic diseases like desmoid tumors. In the "on state", beta-catenin, the key effector of Wnt signaling, enters the nucleus where it binds to the members of the TCF-LEF family of transcription factors and exerts its effect on gene transcription. Disease development can be caused by direct or indirect alterations of the Wnt/尾-catenin signaling. In the first case germline or somatic mutations of the Wnt components are associated to several diseases such as the familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) - caused by germline mutations of the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) - and the desmoid-like fibromatosis, a sporadic tumor associated with somatic mutations of the 尾-catenin gene (CTNNB1). In the second case, epigenetic modifications and microenvironmental factors have been demonstrated to play a key role in Wnt pathway activation. The natural autocrine Wnt signaling acts through agonists and antagonists competing for the Wnt receptors. Anomalies in this regulation, whichever is their etiology, are an important part in the pathogenesis of Wnt pathway linked diseases. An example is promoter hypermethylation of Wnt antagonists, such as SFRPs, that causes gene silencing preventing their function and consequently leading to the activation of the Wnt pathway. Microenvironmental factors, such as the extracellular matrix, growth factors and inflammatory mediators, represent another type of indirect mechanism that influence Wnt pathway activation. A favorable microenvironment can lead to aberrant fibroblasts activation and accumulation of ECM proteins with subsequent tissue fibrosis that can evolve in fibrotic disease or tumor. Since the development and progression of several diseases is the outcome of the Wnt pathway cross-talk with other signaling pathways and inflammatory factors, it is important to consider not only direct inhibitors of the Wnt signaling pathway but also inhibitors of microenvironmental factors as promising therapeutic approaches for several tumors of fibrotic origin. Keywords Wnt pathway Adenomatous polyposis coli Beta-catenin Inflammatory factors Fibrosis Desmoid-like fibromatosis