Geochemical assessment of mineral scaling in Kızıldere geothermal field, Turkey

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Gültekin Tarcan ; Tuğbanur Özen ; Ünsal Gemici ; Mümtaz Çolak…
• 关键词：Kızıldere geothermal field ; Hydrogeological and geochemical properties ; Mineral scaling ; Mineral saturation
• 刊名：Environmental Earth Sciences
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：October 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：75
• 期：19
• 全文大小：2,000 KB
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：None Assigned
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1866-6299
• 卷排序：75

文摘

The mineral scaling problems in the Kızıldere geothermal field along with hydrogeological and geochemical properties of this field were studied. In this content, chemical analyses for 26 water samples from 12 water points and an additional seven geochemical analyses and six XRD analyses of the scale samples were performed. Measured reservoir temperatures of wells vary from 196 (in the well KD-13) to 242 °C (in the well R-1). Geothermal reservoir waters show the water types of Na–HCO₃ and Na–HCO₃–SO₄. Estimated mineral saturations suggest that calcite, aragonite, strontianite, dolomite, amorphous silica, and barite are likely to precipitate as scales. These are confirmed by the results of the geochemical and XRD data of the scale samples. Reservoir chemistry calculations show a fluid richer in steam and acid gases with lower concentrations in the nonvolatile constituents (i.e., Cl, SiO₂, Na, etc.) at the reservoir. Geochemical modeling shows that CaCO₃ (calcite and aragonite) and strontianite precipitations are inevitable for production and re-injection wells and surface equipment. Amorphous silica scaling is the important risk of re-injection wells. Precipitations of the minerals barite, anhydrite, dolomite, and celestite are also possible. Determinations of the scaling minerals and the safety temperatures to avoid or minimize the scaling problem are the most important parts of this study. It was concluded that cold injection (<50 °C) is favored or inhibitors should be used if any mineral deposition is to be prevented or reduced in injection wells.