Regulation of bombesin-stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 expression in prostate cancer cells

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• 作者：Xiaodong Wen (1)
  Celia Chao (1) (3)
  Kirk Ives (1)
  Mark R Hellmich (1) (2) (3)
  
• 关键词：gastrin ; releasing peptide receptor ; signal transduction ; prostate cancer ; neuroendocrine differentiation ; hormone ; refractory
• 刊名：BMC Molecular Biology
• 出版年：2011
• 出版时间：December 2011
• 年：2011
• 卷：12
• 期：1
• 全文大小：2900KB
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• 作者单位：Xiaodong Wen (1)
  Celia Chao (1) (3)
  Kirk Ives (1)
  Mark R Hellmich (1) (2) (3)
  
  1. Department of Surgery, Univ. of Texas Medical Branch, 301 Univ. Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
  3. Sealy Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Univ. of Texas Medical Branch, 301 Univ. Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
  2. Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Univ. of Texas Medical Branch, 301 Univ. Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
  

文摘

Background Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the bombesin (BBS)-like peptide, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), have been implicated in the progression of hormone-refractory prostate cancer; however, a mechanistic link between the bioactive peptide and COX-2 expression in prostate cells has not been made. Results We report that BBS stimulates COX-2 mRNA and protein expression, and the release of prostaglandin E2 from the GRP receptor (GRPR)-positive, androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell line, PC-3. BBS-stimulated COX-2 expression is mediated, in part, by p38MAPK and PI3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways, and blocked by a GRPR antagonist. The PI3K/Akt pathway couples GRPR to the transcription factor, activator protein-1 (AP-1), and enhanced COX-2 promoter activity. Although BBS stimulates nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) in PC-3, NF-κB does not regulate GRPR-mediated COX-2 expression. The p38MAPK pathway increases BBS-stimulated COX-2 expression by slowing the degradation of COX-2 mRNA. Expression of recombinant GRPR in the androgen-sensitive cell line LNCaP is sufficient to confer BBS-stimulated COX-2 expression via the p38MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Conclusions Our study establishes a mechanistic link between GRPR activation and enhanced COX-2 expression in prostate cancer cell lines, and suggests that inhibiting GRPR may, in the future, provide an effective therapeutic alternative to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for inhibiting COX-2 in patients with recurrent prostate cancer.