The burden and spatial distribution of bovine African trypanosomes in small holder crop-livestock production systems in Tororo District, south-eastern Uganda

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• 作者：Dennis Muhanguzi (1) (2)
  Kim Picozzi (2)
  Jan Hattendorf (3) (4)
  Michael Thrusfield (5)
  John David Kabasa (6)
  Charles Waiswa (7)
  Susan Christina Welburn (2)
  
  1. Department of Biomolecular and Biolaboratory Sciences ; School of Biosecurity ; Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences ; College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity ; Makerere University ; P.O. Box 7062 ; Kampala ; Uganda
  2. Division of Infection & Pathway Medicine ; Centre for Infectious Diseases ; School of Biomedical Sciences ; College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine ; The University of Edinburgh ; Chancellor鈥檚 Building ; 49 Little France Crescent ; Edinburgh ; EH16 4SB ; UK
  3. Department of Public Health and Epidemiology ; Swiss Tropical Institute ; Socinstrasse 57 ; CH-4002 ; Basel ; Switzerland
  4. University of Basel ; Petersplatz 1 ; 4003 ; Basel ; Switzerland
  5. Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies ; The University of Edinburgh ; Edinburgh ; EH25 9RG ; UK
  6. Department of Biosecurity ; Ecosystems & Veterinary Public Health ; School of Biosecurity ; Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences ; College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity ; Makerere University ; P.O. Box 7062 ; Kampala ; Uganda
  7. Department of Pharmacy ; Clinical and Comparative Medicine ; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources ; College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity ; Makerere University ; P.O. Box 7062 ; Kampala ; Uganda
  
• 关键词：African animal trypanosomiasis ; Human african trypanosomiasis ; Control ; ITS1 ; PCR ; Prevalence ; Tororo district
• 刊名：Parasites & Vectors
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：December 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：7
• 期：1
• 全文大小：1,093 KB
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• 刊物主题：Parasitology; Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine; Entomology;
• 出版者：BioMed Central
• ISSN：1756-3305

文摘

Background African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) is considered to be one of the greatest constraints to livestock production and livestock-crop integration in most African countries. South-eastern Uganda has suffered for more than two decades from outbreaks of zoonotic Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), adding to the burden faced by communities from AAT. There is insufficient AAT and HAT data available (in the animal reservoir) to guide and prioritize AAT control programs that has been generated using contemporary, sensitive and specific molecular techniques. This study was undertaken to evaluate the burden that AAT presents to the small-scale cattle production systems in south-eastern Uganda. Methods Randomised cluster sampling was used to select 14% (57/401) of all cattle containing villages across Tororo District. Blood samples were taken from all cattle in the selected villages between September-December 2011; preserved on FTA cards and analysed for different trypanosomes using a suite of molecular techniques. Generalized estimating equation and Rogen-Gladen estimator models were used to calculate apparent and true prevalences of different trypanosomes while intra cluster correlations were estimated using a 1-way mixed effect analysis of variance (ANOVA) in R statistical software version 3.0.2. Results The prevalence of all trypanosome species in cattle was 15.3% (95% CI; 12.2-19.1) while herd level trypanosome species prevalence varied greatly between 0-43%. Trypanosoma vivax (17.4%, 95% CI; 10.6-16.8) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (0.03%) were respectively, the most, and least prevalent trypanosome species identified. Conclusions The prevalence of bovine trypanosomes in this study indicates that AAT remains a significant constraint to livestock health and livestock production. There is need to implement tsetse and trypanosomiasis control efforts across Tororo District by employing effective, cheap and sustainable tsetse and trypanosomiasis control methods that could be integrated in the control of other endemic vector borne diseases like tick-borne diseases.