Do Aphid Carcasses on the Backs of Larvae of Green Lacewing Work as Chemical Mimicry against Aphid-Tending Ants?

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• 作者：Masayuki Hayashi (1)
  Yasuyuki Choh (1)
  Kiyoshi Nakamuta (2)
  Masashi Nomura (1)
  
• 关键词：Mutualism ; Ant鈥揳phid interaction ; Cuticular hydrocarbon ; Chemical camouflage ; Chemical mimicry ; Antipredator behavior
• 刊名：Journal of Chemical Ecology
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：June 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：40
• 期：6
• 页码：569-576
• 全文大小：353 KB
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• 作者单位：Masayuki Hayashi (1)
  Yasuyuki Choh (1)
  Kiyoshi Nakamuta (2)
  Masashi Nomura (1)
  
  1. Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
  2. Laboratory of Chemical Ecology, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
  
• ISSN：1573-1561

文摘

Ants attack and exclude natural enemies of aphids in ant鈥揳phid mutualisms. However, larvae of the green lacewing, Mallada desjardinsi, prey on the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora, without exclusion by aphid-tending ants. Lacewing larvae are protected from ants by carrying aphid carcasses on their backs. Here, we tested whether cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of aphid carcasses affected the aggressiveness of aphid-tending ants. Aphid carcasses were washed with n-hexane to remove lipids. Lacewing larvae with washed aphid carcasses were attacked by aphid-tending ants more frequently than those with untreated aphid carcasses. We measured the aggressiveness of aphid-tending ants to lacewing larvae that were either carrying a piece of cotton wool (a dummy aphid carcass) treated with CHCs from aphids or lacewing larvae, or carrying aphid carcasses. The rates of attack by ants on lacewing larvae carrying CHCs of aphids or aphid carcasses were lower than that of attack on lacewing larvae with conspecific CHCs. Chemical analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry showed similarity of CHCs between aphids and aphid carcasses. These results suggest that aphid carcasses on the backs of lacewing larvae function via chemical camouflage to limit attacks by aphid-tending ants.