Breakthrough of 1,3-Dichloropropene and Chloropicrin from 600-mg XAD-4 Air Sampling Tubes
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- 作者：Daniel J. Ashworth ; Scott R. Yates
- 关键词：Fumigation ; Air quality ; Sorbent tubes ; Flow rate ; Sampling time
- 刊名：Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：April 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：227
- 期：4
- 全文大小：382 KB
- 参考文献：Ashworth, D. J., Zheng, W., & Yates, S. R. (2008). Determining breakthrough of the soil fumigant chloropicrin from 120 mg XAD-4 sorbent tubes. Atmospheric Environment, 42, 5483–5488.CrossRef
Ashworth, D. J., Ernst, F. F., Xuan, R., & Yates, S. R. (2009). Laboratory assessment of emission reduction strategies for the agricultural fumigants 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin. Environmental Science and Technology, 43, 5073–5078.CrossRef
Ashworth, D. J., Yates, S. R., van Wesenbeeck, I. J., & Stanghellini, M. (2014). Effect of co-formulation of 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin on evaporative emissions from soil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 63, 415–421.CrossRef
California Department of Pesticide Regulation, 2009. Reducing smog-producing emissions from field fumigants. http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/dept/factshts/voc_rules_11_08.pdf
Dow Agrosciences (1996). 1,3-Dichlorpopropene a profile. Indianapolis, IN: Dow Agrosciences LLC.
Gao, S., Qin, R., Hanson, B. D., Tharayil, N., Trout, T. J., Wang, D., & Gerik, J. (2009). Effect of manure and water applications on 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin emissions in a field trial. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 57, 5428–5434.CrossRef
Gao, S., Pflaum, T., & Qin, R. (2010). Trapping efficiency of 1,3-dichloropropene isomers by XAD-4 sorbent tubes for air sampling. Atmospheric Environment, 45, 4322–4327.CrossRef
Qin, R., Gao, S., Wang, D., Hanson, B. D., Trout, T. J., & Ajwa, H. (2009). Relative effect of soil moisture on emissions and distribution of 1,3-dichloro-propene and chloropicrin in soil columns. Atmospheric Environment, 43, 2449–2455.CrossRef
United States Environmental Protection Agency. Reregistration eligibility decision for chloropicrin; Sacramento, CA, 2008. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/chloropicrin-red.pdf - 作者单位：Daniel J. Ashworth (1)
Scott R. Yates (2)
1. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
2. USDA-ARS, US Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA - 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
- 刊物主题：Environment
Environment
Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
Waste Water Technology, Water Pollution Control, Water Management and Aquatic Pollution
Terrestrial Pollution
Hydrogeology - 出版者：Springer Netherlands
- ISSN：1573-2932
文摘
Accurately measuring air concentrations of agricultural fumigants is important for the regulation of air quality. Understanding the conditions under which sorbent tubes can effectively retain such fumigants during sampling is critical in mitigating chemical breakthrough from the tubes and facilitating accurate concentration measurements. Using laboratory experiments, we studied the effects of air flow rate (100–1000 mL min−1) and sampling time (2–16 h) on the breakthrough of co-applied chloropicrin (CP) and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) from 600-mg XAD-4 sorbent tubes. Due to the reversible adsorption of the chemicals, it was not possible to determine a tube adsorption capacity that was true across all flow and sample time conditions. Flow rate exerted the stronger influence on breakthrough, particularly for CP, with flow rates in excess of 200 mL min−1 resulting in significant system losses even at the shortest sampling time (2 h). A flow rate of 200 mL min−1 should therefore not be exceeded, irrespective of flow rate. With the use of a single tube (no backup), sampling times up to 4 h showed no system losses (100 % retention). Using a primary and backup tube, sampling periods up to 16 h also resulted in retention of all the added chemical masses. The information will be useful in establishing effective air quality monitoring programs following fumigation events.