Expanding the roles of chromatin insulators in nuclear architecture, chromatin organization and genome function

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• 作者：Todd Schoborg (1) (2)
  Mariano Labrador (1)
  
• 关键词：Chromatin insulators ; Insulator evolution ; Architectural proteins ; Genome organization ; Chromatin looping ; Gene transcription
• 刊名：Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS)
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：November 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：71
• 期：21
• 页码：4089-4113
• 全文大小：887 KB
• 参考文献：1. Flemming W (1882) Zellsubstanz, Kern und Zelltheilung. F. C. W. Vogel, Leipzig
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• 作者单位：Todd Schoborg (1) (2)
  Mariano Labrador (1)
  
  1. Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, M407 Walters Life Sciences, 1414 Cumberland Avenue, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
  2. Laboratory of Molecular Machines and Tissue Architecture, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Dr Rm 2122, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
  
• ISSN：1420-9071

文摘

Of the numerous classes of elements involved in modulating eukaryotic chromosome structure and function, chromatin insulators arguably remain the most poorly understood in their contribution to these processes in vivo. Indeed, our view of chromatin insulators has evolved dramatically since their chromatin boundary and enhancer blocking properties were elucidated roughly a quarter of a century ago as a result of recent genome-wide, high-throughput methods better suited to probing the role of these elements in their native genomic contexts. The overall theme that has emerged from these studies is that chromatin insulators function as general facilitators of higher-order chromatin loop structures that exert both physical and functional constraints on the genome. In this review, we summarize the result of recent work that supports this idea as well as a number of other studies linking these elements to a diverse array of nuclear processes, suggesting that chromatin insulators exert master control over genome organization and behavior.