Occurrence of the mycotoxin citrinin and its metabolite dihydrocitrinone in urines of German adults
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- 作者：Nurshad Ali ; Meinolf Blaszkewicz ; Gisela H. Degen
- 关键词：Citrinin ; Dihydrocitrinone ; Exposure ; Mycotoxins ; Urine
- 刊名：Archives of Toxicology
- 出版年：2015
- 出版时间：April 2015
- 年：2015
- 卷：89
- 期：4
- 页码：573-578
- 全文大小：289 KB
- 参考文献：1. Ali, N, Blaszkewicz, M, Hossain, K, Degen, GH (2014) Biomonitoring of the mycotoxin citrinin in urine samples from Bangladesh. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 387: pp. S25
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3. Blaszkewicz, M, Mu?oz, K, Degen, GH (2013) Methods for analysis of citrinin in human blood and urine. Arch Toxicol 87: pp. 1087-1094 CrossRef
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文摘
As data on food contamination with the mycotoxin citrinin (CIT) are scarce, a recently developed method for biomarker analysis (Blaszkewicz et al. in Arch Toxicol 87:1087-094, 2013) was applied to investigate CIT exposure of German adults. CIT and its human metabolite dihydrocitrinone (HO-CIT) were determined in urine samples from a group of 50 healthy adults (n?=?27 females and n?=?23 males). After cleanup by immunoaffinity (CitriTest?) columns, extracts were analyzed by LC-a href='/search?dc.title=MS%2FMS&facet-content-type=ReferenceWorkEntry&sortOrder=relevance' class='reference-link webtrekk-track' gaCategory="Internal link" gaLabel="MS/MS" gaAction="reference keyword">MS/MS. The mycotoxin and its major metabolite HO-CIT were detected in 82 and 84?% of all urine samples, at concentrations ranging from 0.02 (limit of detection, LOD) to 0.08?ng/mL for CIT, and 0.05 (LOD) to 0.51?ng/mL for HO-CIT. Median urine analyte levels in the cohort were 0.03 (CIT) and 0.06?ng/mL (OH-CIT) or adjusted to creatinine 20.2?ng/g crea (CIT) and 60.9?ng/g crea (HO-CIT), respectively. Except for higher urinary CIT levels in males, differences between subgroups were not significant. This first biomarker analysis indicates widespread and variable exposure to CIT in German adults, and conversion of ingested mycotoxin to its less toxic metabolite HO-CIT, which may serve as biomarker of exposure in addition to the parent compound.