Mechanisms of compensatory dynamics in zooplankton and maintenance of food chain efficiency under toxicant stress

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Hiroyuki Mano ; Yoshinari Tanaka
• 关键词：Compensatory dynamics ; Ecological risk ; Food ; chain efficiency ; Functional diversity ; Pesticide stress
• 刊名：Ecotoxicology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：25
• 期：2
• 页码：399-411
• 全文大小：637 KB
• 参考文献：Andersen DH, Benke AC (1994) Growth and reproduction of the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia from a forested floodplain swamp. Limnol Oceanogr 39:1517–1527CrossRef
  Bácsi I, Gonda S, B-Béres V, Novák Z, Nagy SA, Vasas G (2015) Alterations of phytoplankton assemblages treated with chlorinated hydrocarbons: effects of dominant species sensitivity and initial diversity. Ecotoxicology 24:823–834CrossRef
  Bates D, Maechler M (2011) lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes. http://​CRAN.​R-project.​org/​package=​lme4
  Bolker BM, Brooks ME, Clark CJ, Geange SW, Poulsen JR, Stevens HH, White JSS (2009) Generalized linear mixed models: practical guide for ecology and evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 24:127–135CrossRef
  Bottrell HH, Duncan A, Gliwicz ZM, Grygierek E, Herzig A, Hillbricht-Ilkowska A, Kurasawa H, Larsson P, Weglenska T (1976) A review of some problems in zooplankton production studies. Norw J Zool 24:419–456
  Cebrian J (2004) Role of first-order consumers in ecosystem carbon flow. Ecol Lett 7:232–240CrossRef
  Clements WH, Rohr JR (2009) Community responses to contaminants: using basic ecological principles to predict ecotoxicological effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 28:1789–1800CrossRef
  Cry H, Pace ML (1993) Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Nature 361:148–150CrossRef
  Dickman EM, Newell JM, Gonzalez MJ, Vanni MJ (2008) Light, nutrients, and food-chain length constrain planktonic energy transfer efficiency across multiple trophic levels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:18408–18412CrossRef
  Dowing AL, Brown BL, Leibold MA (2014) Multiple diversity-stability mechanisms enhance population and community stability in aquatic food webs. Ecology 95:173–184CrossRef
  Downing AL, Leibold NA (2010) Species richness facilitates ecosystem resilience in aquatic food webs. Freshw Biol 55:2123–2137CrossRef
  Fischer JM, Frost TM, Ives AR (2001) Compensatory dynamics in zooplankton community responses to acidification: measurement and mechanisms. Ecol Appl 11:1060–1072CrossRef
  Flöder S, Hillebrand H (2012) Species traits and species diversity affect community stability in a multiple stressor framework. Aquat Biol 17:197–209CrossRef
  Frost TM, Carpenter SR, Ives AR, Kratz TK (1995) Species compensation and complementarity in ecosystem function. In: Jones C, Lowton J (eds) Linking species and ecosystem. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 224–239CrossRef
  Gliwicz ZM (1990) Food thresholds and body size in cladocerans. Nature 343:638–640CrossRef
  Gonzalez A, Loreau M (2009) The causes and consequences of compensatory dynamics in ecological communities. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 40:393–414CrossRef
  Griffin JN, O’Gorman EJ, Emmerson MC, Jenkins SR, Klein AM, Loreau M, Symstad A (2009) Biodiversity and the stability of ecosystem functioning. In: Naeem S, Bunker DE, Hector A, Loreau M, Perrings C (eds) Biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and human wellbeing. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 60–77
  Hairston NG Jr, Hairston SR (1993) Cause-effect relationship in energy flow, trophic structure, and interspecific interactions. Am Nat 142:379–411CrossRef
  Hanazato T (1998) Response of a zooplankton community to insecticide application in experimental ponds: a review and the implications of the effects of chemicals on the structure and the functioning of freshwater communities. Environ Pollut 101:361–373CrossRef
  Hanazato T, Yasuno M (1985) Population dynamics and production of cladoceran zooplankton in the highly eutrophic Lake Kasumigaura. Hydrobiologia 124:13–22CrossRef
  Havens KE (1994) Experimental perturbation of a freshwater plankton community: a test of hypotheses regarding the effects of stress. Oikos 69:147–153CrossRef
  Hooper DU, Chapin FS, Ewel JJ et al (2005) Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: a consensus of current knowledge. Ecol Monogr 75:3–35CrossRef
  Hothorn T, Bretz F, Westfall P (2008) Simultaneous inference in general parametric models. Biom J 50:346–363CrossRef
  Ives AR, Carpenter SR (2007) Stability and diversity of ecosystems. Science 317:58–62CrossRef
  Ives AR, Gross K, Klug JL (1999) Stability and variability in competitive ecosystems. Science 286:542–544CrossRef
  Iwamatsu T (2006) The integrated book for the biology of the medaka. University Education Press, Okayama (in Japanese)
  Kemp WM, Brooks MT, Hood RR (2001) Nutrient enrichment, habitat variability and trophic transfer efficiency in simple models of pelagic ecosystems. Mar Ecol Progr Ser 223:73–87CrossRef
  Klug JL, Fischer JM, Ives AR, Dennis B (2000) Compensatory dynamics in planktonic community responses to pH perturbations. Ecology 81:387–398CrossRef
  Knoll LB, Vanni MJ, Renwick WH (2003) Phytoplankton primary production and photosynthetic parameters in reservoirs along a gradient of watershed land use. Limnol Oceanogr 48:608–617CrossRef
  Kotov AA, Boikova OS (2001) Study of the late embryogenesis of Daphnia (Anomopoda, ‘Cladocera’, Branchiopoda) and a comparison of development in Anomopoda and Ctenopoda. Hydrobiologia 442:127–143CrossRef
  Leary DJ, Petchey OL (2009) Testing a biological mechanism of the insurance hypothesis in experimental aquatic communities. J Anim Ecol 78:1143–1151CrossRef
  Lindeman RL (1942) The trophic-dynamics aspect of ecology. Ecology 23:399–417CrossRef
  Mano H, Tanaka Y (2012) Size specificity of predation by Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes on Daphnia pulex. J. Fresh Ecol 27:309–313CrossRef
  Mano H, Tanaka Y, Sakamoto M (2010) A comparative study of insecticide toxicity among seven cladoceran species. Ecotoxicology 19:1620–1625CrossRef
  Medina MH, Correa JA, Barata C (2007) Micro-evolution due to pollution: possible consequences to toxic stress. Chemosphere 67:2105–2114CrossRef
  Newman MC, Clements WH (2008) Ecotoxicology: a comprehensive treatment. CRC Press, Boca Raton
  Odum EP (1985) Trends expected in stressed ecosystems. Bioscience 35:419–422CrossRef
  Paloheimo JE (1974) Calculation of instantaneous birth rate. Limnol Oceanogr 19:692–694CrossRef
  Press WH, Flannery WT, Teukolsky SA, Vetterling BP (1992) Numerical Recipes in C. Cambridge University Press, New York
  R Development Core Team (2010) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. http://​www.​R-project.​org
  Relyea R, Hoverman J (2006) Assessing the ecology in ecotoxicology: a review and synthesis in freshwater systems. Ecol Lett 9:1157–1171CrossRef
  Rubach MN, Ashauer R, Buchwalter DB et al (2011) Framework for trait-based assessment in ecotoxicology. Integr Environ Assess Manag 7:172–186CrossRef
  Ruesink JL, Srivastava DS (2001) Numerical and per capita responses to species loss: mechanisms maintaining ecosystem function in a community of stream insect detritivores. Oikos 93:221–234CrossRef
  Schindler DW (1990) Experimental perturbations of whole lakes as tests of hypotheses concerning ecosystem structure and function. Oikos 57:25–41CrossRef
  Shuba T, Costa RR (1972) Development and growth of Ceriodaphnia reticulata embryos. Trans Am Microsc Soc 91:429–435CrossRef
  Stockner JG, Porter KG (1988) Microbial food webs in freshwater planktonic ecosystems. In: Carpenter SR (ed) Complex interactions in lake communities. Springer, New York, pp 69–84CrossRef
  Suding KN, Miller AE, Bechtold H et al (2006) The consequence of species loss on ecosystem nitrogen cycling depends on community compensation. Oecologia 149:141–149CrossRef
  Tanaka Y, Mano H (2012) Functional traits of herbivores and food chain efficiency in a simple aquatic community model. Ecol Model 237–238:88–100CrossRef
  Urabe J, Watanabe Y (1990) Influence of food density on respiration rate of two crustacean plankters Daphnia galeata and Bosmina longirostris. Oecologia 82:362–368CrossRef
  USEPA (2000) Method guideline and recommendations for whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing. Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology, EPA, Washington
  Van den Brink PJ, Alexander AC, Desrosiers M et al (2011) Trait-based approaches in bioassessment and ecological risk assessment: strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Integr Environ Assess Manag 7:198–208CrossRef
  Vergsteeg DJ, Stalmans M, Dyer SD et al (1997) Ceriodaphnia and Daphnia: a comparison of their sensitivity to xenobiotics and utility as a test species. Chemosphere 34:869–892CrossRef
  Ware DM, Thomson RE (2005) Bottom-up ecosystem trophic dynamics determine fish production in the Northeast Pacific. Science 308:1280–1284CrossRef
  Yachi S, Loreau M (1999) Biodiversity and ecosystem productivity in a fluctuating environment: the insurance hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:1463–1468CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Hiroyuki Mano (1) (2)
  Yoshinari Tanaka (1)
  
  1. Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
  2. Water Environmental Research Group, Public Works Research Institute, Minamihara 1-6, Tsukuba, 305-8516, Japan
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environment
  Monitoring, Environmental Analysis and Environmental Ecotoxicology
  Ecology
  Environmental Management
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-3017

文摘

Communities with species that are tolerant to environmental stresses may be able to maintain the ecosystem functions under the stress, because the tolerant species can compensate for the loss of sensitive species. In this study, we focused on the food chain efficiency (FCE), the trophic transfer across three trophic levels, as an important process for ecosystem function, and examined the conditions under which such compensation could occur with aquarium experiments using an insecticide (methomyl) as the stressor. Our aquariums included one of two pairs of insecticide-tolerant and insecticide-sensitive cladoceran species, and a fish as the predator. The response of FCE to the insecticide stress, as indicated by the fish biomass production, depended on the zooplankton species combinations. FCE and total zooplankton biomass were maintained in the pair in which the compensatory changes of species abundances were clear, whereas they decreased in the pair in which the compensatory changes were not clear. This indicated the compensatory dynamics in the zooplankton community responsible for the observed resistance to the stress. We inferred the driving factors for the compensatory dynamics and the community resistance with respect to species traits of ecological importance, and concluded that a dissimilarity between species as regards the tolerance trait and a clear trade-off between the tolerance and the competitive ability was required to drive the compensatory dynamics, and a similarity or a superiority of the tolerant species as regards the functional effect trait (the predator avoidance and the reproductive potential) were required to maintain FCE. Keywords Compensatory dynamics Ecological risk Food-chain efficiency Functional diversity Pesticide stress