Effect of biochar on the extractability of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and enzyme activity in soil

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• 作者：Xing Yang ; Jingjing Liu ; Kim McGrouther…
• 关键词：Application rate ; Bioavailability ; Biochar particle size ; Contaminated soil ; Heavy metal extractability ; Soil enzyme
• 刊名：Environmental Science and Pollution Research
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：23
• 期：2
• 页码：974-984
• 全文大小：1,918 KB
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• 作者单位：Xing Yang (1)
  Jingjing Liu (1)
  Kim McGrouther (2)
  Huagang Huang (3)
  Kouping Lu (1)
  Xi Guo (1)
  Lizhi He (1)
  Xiaoming Lin (4)
  Lei Che (5)
  Zhengqian Ye (1)
  Hailong Wang (1) (4)
  
  1. Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
  2. Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand
  3. Yancao Production Technology Center, Bijie Yancao Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, Guizhou, 551700, China
  4. Guangdong Dazhong Agriculture Science Co. Ltd., Hongmei Town, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523169, China
  5. School of Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environment
  Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
  Waste Water Technology, Water Pollution Control, Water Management and Aquatic Pollution
  Industrial Pollution Prevention
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1614-7499

文摘

Biochar is a carbon-rich solid material derived from the pyrolysis of agricultural and forest residual biomass. Previous studies have shown that biochar is suitable as an adsorbent for soil contaminants such as heavy metals and consequently reduces their bioavailability. However, the long-term effect of different biochars on metal extractability or soil health has not been assessed. Therefore, a 1-year incubation experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of biochar produced from bamboo and rice straw (at temperatures ≥500 °C) on the heavy metal (cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) extractability and enzyme activity (urease, catalase, and acid phosphatase) in a contaminated sandy loam paddy soil. Three rates (0, 1, and 5 %) and two mesh sizes (<0.25 and <1 mm) of biochar applications were investigated. After incubation, the physicochemical properties, extractable heavy metals, available phosphorus, and enzyme activity of soil samples were analyzed. The results demonstrated that rice straw biochar significantly (P < 0.05) increased the pH, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity of the soil, especially at the 5 % application rate. Both bamboo and rice straw biochar significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the concentration of CaCl₂-extractable heavy metals as biochar application rate increased. The heavy metal extractability was significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with pH, water-soluble organic carbon, and available phosphorus in soil. The 5 % application rate of fine rice straw biochar resulted in the greatest reductions of extractable Cu and Zn, 97.3 and 62.2 %, respectively. Both bamboo and rice straw biochar were more effective at decreasing extractable Cu and Pb than removing extractable Cd and Zn from the soil. Urease activity increased by 143 and 107 % after the addition of 5 % coarse and fine rice straw biochars, respectively. Both bamboo and rice straw biochars significantly (P < 0.05) increased catalase activity but had no significant impact on acid phosphatase activity. In conclusion, the rice straw biochar had greater potential as an amendment for reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil than that of the bamboo biochar. The impact of biochar treatment on heavy metal extractability and enzyme activity varied with the biochar type, application rate, and particle size. Keywords Application rate Bioavailability Biochar particle size Contaminated soil Heavy metal extractability Soil enzyme