The Rising Tide of Absolute Global Income Inequality During 1850–2010: Is It Driven by Inequality Within or Between Countries?

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• 作者：Thomas Goda ; Alejandro Torres García
• 关键词：Absolute inequality ; Personal income distribution ; Global inequality ; Within ; country inequality ; Between ; country inequality
• 刊名：Social Indicators Research
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：130
• 期：3
• 页码：1051-1072
• 全文大小：
• 刊物类别：Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
• 刊物主题：Sociology, general; Quality of Life Research; Microeconomics; Public Health; Human Geography; Quality of Life Research;
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-0921
• 卷排序：130

文摘

This paper is the first to decompose absolute global income inequality into its within-country and between-country component. The results show a continuous increase of absolute global inequality during 1850–2010, which can be separated into three distinct phases: (1) between 1850 and 1929, within-country inequality explained up to 76 % of absolute global inequality, yet the growth rates of within- and between-country inequality were very similar; (2) a sharp increase in the importance of between-country inequality occurred during the 1929–1950 period, which was followed by a period during which the within- and between-country components were approximately equally relevant; and (3) after 1985, the growth in absolute global inequality was driven primarily by the accelerated growth of within-country income differences. Currently, within-country inequality explains 70 % of absolute global market inequality, a figure close to that of the year 1850. Additional findings include that absolute income convergence between countries took place after 2005, that it is possible to reduce absolute inequality and to grow simultaneously, and that recently within-country net inequality has grown faster than market inequality. The main findings are preserved when different absolute decomposable inequality measures, sample sizes, and purchasing power parity exchange rates are used.