Overgrazing in the Montado? The need for monitoring grazing pressure at paddock scale

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Elvira Sales-Baptista ; Manuel Cancela d’Abreu…
• 关键词：Livestock grazing ; Mediterranean oak woodlands ; Rangeland management ; Ground image ; based monitoring ; Dehesa ; Information and communication technologies
• 刊名：Agroforestry Systems
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：90
• 期：1
• 页码：57-68
• 全文大小：1,318 KB
• 参考文献：Acácio V, Holmgren M, Moreira F, Mohren GMJ (2010) Oak persistence in Mediterranean landscapes: the combined role of management, topography, and wildfires. Ecol Soc 15:40
  Adler PB, Raff DA, Lauenroth WK (2001) The effect of grazing on the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation. Oecologia 128:465–479. doi:10.​1007/​s004420100737 CrossRef
  Alados CL, ElAich A, Papanastasis VP et al (2004) Change in plant spatial patterns and diversity along the successional gradient of Mediterranean grazing ecosystems. Ecol Model 180:523–535. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ecolmodel.​2003.​10.​034 CrossRef
  Allen VG, Batello C, Berretta EJ et al (2011) An international terminology for grazing lands and grazing animals. Grass Forage Sci 66:2–28. doi:10.​1111/​j.​1365-2494.​2010.​00780.​x CrossRef
  Almeida M, Guerra C, Pinto-Correia T (2013) Unfolding relations between land cover and farm management: high nature value assessment in complex silvo-pastoral systems. Geogr Tidsskr 113:97–108. doi:10.​1080/​00167223.​2013.​848611 CrossRef
  Bailey DW, Gross JE, Laca EA et al (1996) Mechanisms that result in large herbivore grazing distribution patterns. J Range Manag 49:386–400CrossRef
  Bailey DW, Dumont B, WallisDeVries MF (1998) Utilization of heterogeneous grasslands by domestic herbivores: theory to management. Ann Zootech 47:321–333. doi:10.​1051/​animres:​19980501 CrossRef
  Bakker ES, Ritchie ME, Olff H et al (2006) Herbivore impact on grassland plant diversity depends on habitat productivity and herbivore size. Ecol Lett 9:780–788. doi:10.​1111/​j.​1461-0248.​2006.​00925.​x CrossRef PubMed
  Baronti P, Pillai P, Chook VWC et al (2007) Wireless sensor networks: a survey on the state of the art and the 802.15.4 and ZigBee standards. Comput Commun 30:1655–1695. doi:10.​1016/​j.​comcom.​2006.​12.​020 CrossRef
  Bilotta GS, Brazier RE, Haygarth PM (2007) The impacts of grazing animals on the quality of soils, vegetation, and surface waters in intensively managed grasslands. Adv Agron 94:237–280. doi:10.​1016/​S0065-2113(06)94006-1 CrossRef
  Booth DT, Cox SE (2008) Image-based monitoring to measure ecological change in rangeland. Front Ecol Environ 6:185–190. doi:10.​1890/​070095 CrossRef
  Briske DD, Derner JD, Brown JR et al (2008) Rotational grazing on rangelands: reconciliation of perception and experimental evidence. Rangel Ecol Manag 61:3–17. doi:10.​2111/​06-159R.​1 CrossRef
  Bugalho MN, Milne JA (2003) The composition of the diet of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in a Mediterranean environment: a case of summer nutritional constraint? For Ecol Manage 181:23–29. doi:10.​1016/​S0378-1127(03)00125-7 CrossRef
  Cagney J, Cox SE, Booth DT (2011) Comparison of point intercept and image analysis for monitoring rangeland transects. Rangel Ecol Manag 64:309–315. doi:10.​2111/​REM-D-10-00090.​1 CrossRef
  Campbell BM, Gordon IJ, Luckert MK et al (2006) In search of optimal stocking regimes in semi-arid grazing lands: one size does not fit all. Ecol Econ 60:75–85. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ecolecon.​2006.​05.​010 CrossRef
  Carmona CP, Azcárate FM, de Bello F et al (2012) Taxonomical and functional diversity turnover in Mediterranean grasslands: interactions between grazing, habitat type and rainfall. J Appl Ecol 49:1084–1093. doi:10.​1111/​j.​1365-2664.​2012.​02193.​x CrossRef
  Carmona CP, Röder A, Azcárate FM, Peco B (2013) Grazing management or physiography? Factors controlling vegetation recovery in Mediterranean grasslands. Ecol Model 251:73–84. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ecolmodel.​2012.​12.​005 CrossRef
  Dobarro I, Carmona CP, Peco B (2013) Dissecting the effects of simulated cattle activity on floristic composition and functional traits in Mediterranean grasslands. PLoS One 8:e79822. doi:10.​1371/​journal.​pone.​0079822 PubMedCentral CrossRef PubMed
  Dumont B, Carrère P, D’Hour P (2002) Foraging in patchy grasslands: diet selection by sheep and cattle is affected by the abundance and spatial distribution of preferred species. Anim Res 51:367–381. doi:10.​1051/​animres CrossRef
  Ferraz-de-Oliveira MI, Lamy E, Bugalho MN et al (2013) Assessing foraging strategies of herbivores in Mediterranean oak woodlands: a review of key issues and selected methodologies. Agrofor Syst 87:1421–1437. doi:10.​1007/​s10457-013-9648-3 CrossRef
  Fleischner TL (1994) Ecological costs of livestock grazing in western North America. Conserv Biol 8:629–644. doi:10.​1046/​j.​1523-1739.​1994.​08030629.​x CrossRef
  Gobbett D, Handcock R, Zerger A et al (2013) Prototyping an operational system with multiple sensors for pasture monitoring. J Sens Actuator Netw 2:388–408. doi:10.​3390/​jsan2030388 CrossRef
  Godinho S, Guiomar N, Machado R et al (2014) Assessment of environment, land management, and spatial variables on recent changes in montado land cover in southern Portugal. Agrofor Syst. doi:10.​1007/​s10457-014-9757-7
  Grove AT, Rackham O (2001) The nature of Mediterranean Europe. An ecological history. Yale University Press, New Haven and London, p 384
  Guitian R, Bardgett RD (2000) Plant and soil microbial responses to defoliation in temperate semi-natural grassland. Plant Soil 220:271–277. doi:10.​1023/​A:​1004787710886 CrossRef
  Harrison KA, Bardgett RD (2008) Impacts of grazing and browsing by large herbivores on soils and soil biological properties. In: Gordon IJ, Herbert HTP (eds) The ecology of browsing and grazing. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 201–216CrossRef
  Heady HF (1964) Palatability of herbage and animal preference. J Range Manag 17:76–82CrossRef
  Hodgson J (1982) Ingestive behaviour. In: Leaver JD (ed) Herbage intake handbook. British Grassland Society, Hurley, pp 113–138
  Holechek JL, Gomez H, Molinar F, Galt D (1999) Grazing studies: what we’ve learned. Rangelands 21:12–16
  Homewood K, Rodgers WA (1987) Pastoralism, conservation and overgrazing controversy. In: Anderson D, Gove R (eds) Conservation in Africa: peoples policies and practice. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 111–128
  Ibáñez J, Martínez J, Schnabel S (2007) Desertification due to overgrazing in a dynamic commercial livestock–grass–soil system. Ecol Model 205:277–288. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ecolmodel.​2007.​02.​024 CrossRef
  Illius AW, O’Connor TG (2000) Resource heterogeneity and ungulate population dynamics. Oikos 89:283–294. doi:10.​1034/​j.​1600-0706.​2000.​890209.​x CrossRef
  INE (2006) Inquérito à estrutura das explorações agrícolas, 2005. Instituto Nacional de Estatística, Lisboa
  Joffre R, Rambal S, Ratte JP (1999) The dehesa system of southern Spain and Portugal as a natural ecosystem mimic. Agrofor Syst 45:57–79. doi:10.​1023/​A:​1006259402496 CrossRef
  Jongen M, Lecomte X, Unger S et al (2013) The impact of changes in the timing of precipitation on the herbaceous understorey of Mediterranean evergreen oak woodlands. Agricfor Meteorol 171–172:163–173. doi:10.​1016/​j.​agrformet.​2012.​11.​020 CrossRef
  Kauffman JB, Krueger WC (1984) Livestock impacts on riparian ecosystems and streamside management implications. A review. J Range Manag 37:430–438CrossRef
  Lavorel S, McIntyre S, Grigulis K (1999) Plant response to disturbance in a Mediterranean grassland: how many functional groups? J Veg Sci 10:661–672. doi:10.​2307/​3237081 CrossRef
  Marañón T (1988) Agro-sylvo-pastoral systems in the Iberian Peninsula: dehesas and montados. Rangelands 10:255–258
  Marques da Silva JR, Peça JO, Serrano JM et al (2008) Evaluation of spatial and temporal variability of pasture based on topography and the quality of the rainy season. Precis Agric 9:209–229. doi:10.​1007/​s11119-008-9066-0 CrossRef
  Metera E, Sakowski T, Sloniewski SK, Romanowicz B (2010) Grazing as a tool to maintain biodiversity of grassland—a review. Anim Sci Pap Rep 28:315–334
  Milán MJ, Bartolomé J, Quintanilla R et al (2006) Structural characterisation and typology of beef cattle farms of Spanish wooded rangelands (dehesas). Livest Sci 99:197–209. doi:10.​1016/​j.​livprodsci.​2005.​06.​012 CrossRef
  Moreno G, Pulido FJ (2009) The functioning, management and persistence of dehesas. In: Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, McAdam J, Mosquera-Losada MR (eds) Agroforestry in Europe, current status and future prospects. Springer, The Netherlands, pp 127–160
  Nadimi ES, Jørgensen RN, Blanes-Vidal V, Christensen S (2012) Monitoring and classifying animal behavior using ZigBee-based mobile ad hoc wireless sensor networks and artificial neural networks. Comput Electron Agric 82:44–54. doi:10.​1016/​j.​compag.​2011.​12.​008 CrossRef
  Nuthall PL (2012) The intuitive world of farmers—the case of grazing management systems and experts. Agric Syst 107:65–73. doi:10.​1016/​j.​agsy.​2011.​11.​006 CrossRef
  Peco B, Sánchez AM, Azcárate FM (2006) Abandonment in grazing systems: consequences for vegetation and soil. Agric Ecosyst Environ 113:284–294. doi:10.​1016/​j.​agee.​2005.​09.​017 CrossRef
  Pérez Corona ME, Vázquez de Aldana BR, García Criado B, García Ciudad A (1998) Variations in nutritional quality and biomass production of semiarid grasslands. J Range Manag 51:570–576CrossRef
  Pinto-Correia T, Fonseca A (2009) Historical perspective of montados: the example of Évora. In: Aronson J, Santos-Pereira J, Pausas JG (eds) Cork oak woodlands on the edge: ecology, adaptative management, and restoration. Island Press, Washington DC, pp 49–54
  Pinto-Correia T, Godinho S (2013) Changing agriculture-changing landscapes: what is going on in the high valued montado. In: Ortiz-Miranda D, Moragues-Faus A, Arnalte-Alegre E (eds) Agriculture in Mediterranean Europe: between old and new paradigms (Research in rural sociology and development Vol. 19). Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp 75–90. doi:10.​1108/​S1057-1922(2013)0000019006 CrossRef
  Pinto-Correia T, Ribeiro N, Sá-Sousa P (2011) Introducing the montado, the cork and holm oak agroforestry system of Southern Portugal. Agrofor Syst 82:99–104. doi:10.​1007/​s10457-011-9388-1 CrossRef
  Plieninger T (2006) Habitat loss, fragmentation, and alteration—quantifying the impact of land-use changes on a spanish dehesa landscape by use of aerial photography and GIS. Landsc Ecol 21:91–105. doi:10.​1007/​s10980-005-8294-1 CrossRef
  Plieninger T (2007a) Constructed and degraded? Origin and development of the spanish dehesa landscape, with a case study on two municipalities. Erde 138:25–46
  Plieninger T (2007b) Compatibility of livestock grazing with stand regeneration in Mediterranean holm oak parklands. J Nat Conserv 15:1–9. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jnc.​2005.​09.​002 CrossRef
  Plieninger T, Wilbrand C (2001) Land use, biodiversity conservation, and rural development in the dehesas of Cuatro Lugares, Spain. Agrofor Syst 51:23–34. doi:10.​1023/​A:​1006462104555 CrossRef
  Plieninger T, Pulido FJ, Schaich H (2004) Effects of land-use and landscape structure on holm oak recruitment and regeneration at farm level in Quercus ilex L. dehesas. J Arid Environ 57:345–364. doi:10.​1016/​S0140-1963(03)00103-4 CrossRef
  Plieninger T, Rolo V, Moreno G (2010) Large-Scale patterns of Quercus ilex, Quercus suber, and Quercus pyrenaica regeneration in Central-Western Spain. Ecosystems 13:644–660. doi:10.​1007/​s10021-010-9345-2 CrossRef
  Potes JM (2011) O montado no Portugal mediterrânico. Colibri, Lisboa 211
  Provenza FD (2003) Foraging behavior: managing to survive in a world of change. Utah Agricultural Experiment Station. Available at: http://​behave.​net/​products/​ booklet.html
  Rato LM, Ferraz-de-Oliveira MI, Sales-Baptista E (2013) Pasture digital image analysis as a support tool for grazing management in montados: a preliminary approach. Proceedings of the ICAAM International Conference 2013 - Montados and Dehesas as High Nature Value Farming Systems: implications for classification and policy support. Évora, Portugal
  Ribeiro NA, Surový P, Pinheiro AC (2010) Adaptive management on sustainability of cork oak woodlands. In: Manos B, Matsatsinis N, Paparrizos K, Papathanasiou J (eds) Decision support systems in agriculture, food and the environment: trends, applications and advances., pp 437–439. doi:10.​4018/​978-1-61520-881-4.​ch020 CrossRef
  Rook AJ, Dumont B, Isselstein J et al (2004) Matching type of livestock to desired biodiversity outcomes in pastures—a review. Biol Conserv 119:137–150. doi:10.​1016/​j.​biocon.​2003.​11.​010 CrossRef
  Sayre NF, deBuys W, Bestelmeyer BT, Havstad KM (2012) “The range problem” after a century of rangeland science: new research themes for altered landscapes. Rangel Ecol Manag 65:545–552. doi:10.​2111/​REM-D-11-00113.​1 CrossRef
  Schlesinger WH, Reynolds JF, Cunningham GL et al (1990) Biological feedbacks in global desertification. Science 247:1043–1048. doi:10.​1126/​science.​247.​4946.​1043 CrossRef PubMed
  Strauss SY, Agrawal AA (1999) The ecology and evolution of plant tolerance to herbivory. Trends Ecol Evol 14:179–185. doi:10.​1016/​S0169-5347(98)01576-6 CrossRef PubMed
  Stuth JW, Brown JR, Olson PD, Araujo MR, Aljoe HD (1987) Effects of stocking rate on critical plant–animal interactions in a rotational grazed Schizachyrium-Paspalum savannah. In: Horn FP, Hodgson J, Mott JJ, Brougham RW (eds) Grazing land research at the plant–animal interface. Winrock International Institute, Morrilton, pp 115–139
  Teacher AGF, Griffiths DJ, Hodgson DJ, Inger R (2013) Smartphones in ecology and evolution: a guide for the app-rehensive. Ecol Evol 3:5268–5278. doi:10.​1002/​ece3.​888 PubMedCentral CrossRef PubMed
  Trimble SW, Mendel AC (1995) The cow as a geomorphic agent— a critical review. Geomorphology 13:233–253. doi:10.​1016/​0169-555X(95)00028-4 CrossRef
  Turner CL, Seastedt TR, Dyer MI (1993) Maximization of aboveground grassland production: the role of defoliation frequency, intensity, and history. Ecol Appl 3:175–186. doi:10.​2307/​1941800 CrossRef
  Vázquez-de-Aldana BR, García-Ciudad A, García-Criado B (2008) Interannual variations of above-ground biomass and nutritional quality of Mediterranean grasslands in Western Spain over a 20-year period. Aust J Agric Res 59:769–779. doi:10.​1071/​AR07359 CrossRef
  Viiralt R, Selge A (2012) Producing high quality feed. Grass management. In: Jacobsson C (ed) Sustainable Agriculture. CSD Uppsala, Uppsala, pp 288–303
  Wade MH, de Carvalho PCF (2000) Defoliation patterns and herbage intake on pastures. In: Lemaire G, Hodgson J, de Moraes A et al (eds) Grassland ecophysiology and grazing ecology. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp 233–248CrossRef
  Walker JW, Heitschmidt RK (1986) Effect of various grazing systems on type and density of cattle trails. J Range Manag 39:428–431CrossRef
  Zerger A, Viscarra Rossel RA, Swain DL et al (2010) Environmental sensor networks for vegetation, animal and soil sciences. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 12:303–316. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jag.​2010.​05.​001 CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Elvira Sales-Baptista (1)
  Manuel Cancela d’Abreu (1)
  Maria Isabel Ferraz-de-Oliveira (2)
  
  1. ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas and Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
  2. ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap.94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Forestry
  Agriculture
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1572-9680

文摘

Montados are presently facing the threat of either abandonment or intensification, and livestock overgrazing has been suspected of contributing to reduced natural regeneration and biodiversity. However, reliable data are to our knowledge, lacking. To avoid potential risks of overgrazing, an adaptive and efficient management is essential. In the present paper we review the main sources of complexity for grazing management linked with interactions among pasture, livestock and human decisions. We describe the overgrazing risk in montados and favour grazing pressure over stocking rate, as a key indicator for monitoring changes and support management decisions. We suggest the use of presently available imaging and communication technologies for assessing pasture dynamics and livestock spatial location. This simple and effective tools used for monitoring the grazing pressure, could provide an efficient day-to-day aid for farm managers’ operational use and also for rangeland research through data collection and analysis. Keywords Livestock grazing Mediterranean oak woodlands Rangeland management Ground image-based monitoring Dehesa Information and communication technologies