Laboratory experiments of water pressure loads acting on a downstream dam caused by ice avalanches

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• 作者：H. Y. Chen ; P. Cui ; X. Q. Chen ; X. H. Zhu ; Gordon G. D. Zhou
• 关键词：Glacier avalanches ; Pressure load ; Surge wave ; Glacial lake ; Moraine dam
• 刊名：Landslides
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：12
• 期：6
• 页码：1131-1138
• 全文大小：673 KB
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• 作者单位：H. Y. Chen (1)
  P. Cui (1) (2)
  X. Q. Chen (1)
  X. H. Zhu (1)
  Gordon G. D. Zhou (1)
  
  1. Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes, CAS/Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS, Chengdu, 610041, China
  2. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Applied Geosciences
  Geography
  Agriculture
  Civil Engineering
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1612-5118

文摘

A worldwide decline of mountain glaciers is occurring due to the impacts from climate warming. The retreat of mountain glaciers often leads to different kinds of geo-hazards. Serious surges triggered by glacier avalanches often pose a potential threat to the stability of dams. In this article, four different types of blocks with a constant density of about 900 kg/m3 were used to simulate the glacier avalanches in natural conditions. By considering the raw material properties of the plate and blocks themselves, the plunging velocity of a block was calculated by a theoretical method instead of by video cameras. The effect of the slope angle, distance between the sliding block and the water surface, initial water depth, slide Froude number, geometry, and distance between the plunging point of the sliding blocks and the downstream dam was considered to study the characteristics of the pressure loads acting on the moraine dam. In addition, an empirical equation was obtained to predict the maximum pressure load acting on the dam. Pressure load on the glacier dam is only one of the crucial factors for dam safety analyses. The failure process of a moraine dam, the probable maximum discharge of outburst floods, and the transportation of sediments along the downstream valley should also be considered in future studies. Keywords Glacier avalanches Pressure load Surge wave Glacial lake Moraine dam