Microsatellite analysis supports clonal propagation and reduced divergence of Trypanosoma vivax from asymptomatic to fatally infected livestock in South America compared to West Africa

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• 作者：Herakles A Garcia (1) (2)
  Adriana C Rodrigues (1)
  Carla MF Rodrigues (1)
  Zakaria Bengaly (3)
  Antonio HH Minervino (4)
  Franklin Riet-Correa (5)
  Rosangela Z Machado (6)
  Fernando Paiva (7)
  Jael S Batista (8)
  Luis Neves (10) (9)
  Patrick B Hamilton (11)
  Marta MG Teixeira (1)
  
  1. Departamento de Parasitologia ; Instituto de Ci锚ncias Biom茅dicas ; Universidade de S茫o Paulo ; S茫o Paulo ; SP ; Brasil
  2. Departamento de Patolog铆a Veterinaria ; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias ; Universidad Central de Venezuela ; Maracay ; Aragua ; Venezuela
  3. Centre International de Recherche-D茅veloppement sur l鈥橢levage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES) ; Bobo Dioulasso ; Burkina Faso
  4. Instituto de Biodiversidade e Floresta ; Universidade Federal do Oeste do Par谩 ; Santar茅m ; Par谩 ; Brasil
  5. Hospital Veterin谩rio ; Universidade Federal de Campina Grande ; Patos ; Para铆ba ; Brasil
  6. Departamento de Patologia ; Faculdade de Veterin谩ria ; Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho ; Jaboticabal ; S茫o Paulo ; Brasil
  7. Departamento de Parasitologia Veterin谩ria ; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul ; Campo Grande ; Mato Grosso do Sul ; Brasil
  8. Departamento de Ci锚ncias Animais ; Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-脕rido ; Mossor贸 ; Rio Grande do Norte ; Brasil
  10. Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases ; Faculty of Veterinary Science ; University of Pretoria ; Pretoria ; South Africa
  9. Centro de Biotecnologia ; Universidade Eduardo Mondlane ; Maputo ; Mo莽ambique
  11. Biosciences ; College of Life and Environmental Sciences ; University of Exeter ; Exeter ; UK
  
• 关键词：Nagana ; Microsatellite genotyping ; Clonal structure ; Outbreak ; Pathology ; Epidemiology ; South America ; Africa ; Animal trypanosomosis
• 刊名：Parasites & Vectors
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：December 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：7
• 期：1
• 全文大小：565 KB
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• 刊物主题：Parasitology; Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine; Entomology;
• 出版者：BioMed Central
• ISSN：1756-3305

文摘

Background Mechanical transmission of the major livestock pathogen Trypanosoma vivax by other biting flies than tsetse allows its spread from Africa to the New World. Genetic studies are restricted to a small number of isolates and based on molecular markers that evolve too slowly to resolve the relationships between American and West African populations and, thus, unable us to uncover the recent history of T. vivax in the New World. Methods T. vivax genetic diversity, population structure and the source of outbreaks was investigated through the microsatellite multiloci (7 loci) genotype (MLGs) analysis in South America (47isolates from Brazil, Venezuela and French Guiana) and West Africa (12 isolates from The Gambia, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Benin and Nigeria). Relationships among MLGs were explored using phylogenetic, principal component and STRUCTURE analyses. Results Although closely phylogenetically related, for the first time, genetic differences were detected between T. vivax isolates from South America (11 genotypes/47 isolates) and West Africa (12 genotypes/12 isolates) with no MLGs in common. Diversity was far greater across West Africa than in South America, where genotypes from Brazil (MLG1-6), Venezuela (MLG7-10) and French Guiana (MLG11) shared similar but not identical allele composition. No MLG was exclusive to asymptomatic (endemic areas) or sick (outbreaks in non-endemic areas) animals, but only MLGs1, 2 and 3 were responsible for severe haematological and neurological disorders. Conclusions Our results revealed closely related genotypes of T. vivax in Brazil and Venezuela, regardless of endemicity and clinical conditions of the infected livestock. The MLGs analysis from T. vivax across SA and WA support clonal propagation, and is consistent with the hypothesis that the SA populations examined here derived from common ancestors recently introduced from West Africa. The molecular markers defined here are valuable to assess the genetic diversity, to track the source and dispersion of outbreaks, and to explore the epidemiological and pathological significance of T. vivax genotypes.