Explanatory Integration Challenges in Evolutionary Systems Biology

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• 作者：Sara Green (1)
  Melinda Fagan (2)
  Johannes Jaeger (3) (4)
  
  1. Centre for Science Studies ; Department of Physics and Astronomy ; Aarhus University ; Aarhus ; Denmark
  2. Department of Philosophy ; University of Utah ; Salt Lake City ; UT ; 84112 ; USA
  3. EMBL/CRG Research Unit in Systems Biology ; Centre de Regulaci贸 Gen貌mica (CRG) ; Barcelona ; Spain
  4. Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) ; Barcelona ; Spain
  
• 关键词：Covering laws ; Developmental biology ; Dynamical systems theory (DST) ; Evolutionary systems biology (ESB) ; Level of explanation ; Mechanism ; Stem cells
• 刊名：Biological Theory
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：March 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：10
• 期：1
• 页码：18-35
• 全文大小：1,471 KB
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• 刊物主题：Philosophy of Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Cognitive Psychology;
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1555-5550

文摘

Evolutionary systems biology (ESB) aims to integrate methods from systems biology and evolutionary biology to go beyond the current limitations in both fields. This article clarifies some conceptual difficulties of this integration project, and shows how they can be overcome. The main challenge we consider involves the integration of evolutionary biology with developmental dynamics, illustrated with two examples. First, we examine historical tensions between efforts to define general evolutionary principles and articulation of detailed mechanistic explanations of specific traits. Next, these tensions are further clarified by considering a recent case from another field focused on developmental dynamics: stem cell biology. In the stem cell case, incompatible explanatory aims block integration. Experimental approaches aim at mechanistic explanation while dynamical system models offer explanation in terms of general principles. We then discuss an ESB case in which integration succeeds: search for general attractors using a dynamical systems framework synergizes with the experimental search for detailed mechanisms. Contrasts between the positive and negative cases suggest general lessons for achieving an integrated understanding of developmental and evolutionary dynamics. The key integrative move is to acknowledge two complementary aims, both relevant to explanation: identifying the space of possible dynamic states and trajectories, and mechanistic understanding of causal interactions underlying a specific phenomenon of interest. These two aims can support one another in a joint project characterizing dynamic aspects of evolving lineages. This more inclusive project can lead to insights that cannot be reached by either approach in isolation.