参考文献:1. Koren G. A practical approach to risk-benefit estimation in pediatric drug research. Pediatr Drugs. 2015;17(1):13鈥?. 2. Leibson T, Koren G. Informed consent in pediatric research. Pediatr Drugs. 2015;17(1):5鈥?1. 3. Chau K, Koren G. The principle of equipoise in pediatric drug trials. Pediatr Drugs. 2015;17(1):17鈥?1. 4. Matsui D. Ethics of studies of drugs in pregnancy. Pediatr Drugs. 2015;17(1)31鈥?. 5. Ward RM, Sherwin CMT. Ethics of drug studies in the newborn. Pediatr Drugs. 2015;17(1):37鈥?2. 6. Welisch E, Altamirano-Diaz LA. Ethics of pharmacological research involving adolescents. Pediatr Drugs. 2015;17(1)55鈥?. 7. Rumney P, Anderson JA, Ryan SE. Ethics in pharmacologic research in the child with a disability. Pediatr Drugs. 2015;17(1):61鈥?. 8. Schechter T, Grant R. The complexity of consenting to clinical research in phase I pediatric cancer studies. Pediatr Drugs. 2015;17(1):77鈥?1. 9. Kleiber N, Tromp K, Mooij MG, van de Vathorst S, Tibboel D, de Wildt SN. Ethics of drug research in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Drugs. 2015;17(1):43鈥?3. 10. Neuman G, Shavit I, Matsui D, Koren G. Ethics of research in pediatric emergency medicine. Pediatr Drugs. 2015;17(1):69鈥?6. 11. Macleod S, Knoppert DC, Stanton-Jean M, Avard D. Pediatric clinical drug trials in low-income countries: key ethical issues. Pediatr Drugs. 2015;17(1):83鈥?0. 12. Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Tri-council policy statement: ethical conduct for research involving humans. 2010. 13. Cummings L. Get on board with the research ethics review process. Can Nurse. 2012;108:28鈥?3. 14. The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. The Belmont Report鈥擡thical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. 1979. http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/belmont.html. Accessed 31 July 2014. 15. Westra AE, Wit JM, Sukhai RN, de Beaufort ID. How best to define the concept of minimal risk. J Pediatr. 2011;159:496鈥?00. CrossRef 16. Shah S, Whittle A, Wilfond B, Gensler G, Wendler D. How do institutional review boards apply the federal risk and benefit standards for pediatric research? JAMA. 2004;291:476鈥?2. CrossRef 17. Needham AC, Kapadia MZ, Offringa M. Ethics review of pediatric multi-center drug trials. Pediatr Drugs. 2015;17(1):23鈥?0. 18. Madadi P. Ethical perspectives on translational pharmacogenetic research involving children and pregnant women. Pediatr Drugs. 2015;17(1):91鈥?. 19. Guillemin M, Gillam L, Rosenthal D, Bolitho A. Human research ethics committees: examining their roles and practices. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics. 2012;7:38鈥?9. CrossRef 20. Greaney AM, Sheehy A, Heffernan C, Murphy J, Mhaolr煤naigh SN, Heffernan E, Brown G. Research ethics application: a guide for the novice researcher. Br J Nurs. 2012;21(1):38鈥?3. CrossRef 21. Dawson AJ, Yentis SM. Contesting the science/ethics distinction in the review of clinical research. J Med Ethics. 2007;33:165鈥?. CrossRef