The vicious cycle of lettuce corky root disease: effects of farming system, nitrogen fertilizer and herbicide

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• 作者：Ariena H. C. van Bruggen (1) (2) (3)
  Isolde M. Francis (1)
  Randy Krag (2) (4)
  
  1. Department of Plant Pathology ; University of Florida ; Gainesville ; FL ; 32611 ; USA
  2. Department of Plant Pathology ; University of California ; Davis ; CA ; 95616 ; USA
  3. Emerging Pathogens Institute ; University of Florida ; Gainesville ; FL ; 32611 ; USA
  4. Beckstoffer Vineyards ; Red Hills ; Kelseyville ; CA ; 95451 ; USA
  
• 关键词：Soil health ; Nitrogen fertilizer ; Pronamide herbicide ; Microbial activity ; Organic and conventional agriculture ; Rhizorhapis suberifaciens
• 刊名：Plant and Soil
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：March 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：388
• 期：1-2
• 页码：119-132
• 全文大小：411 KB
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• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Plant Sciences
  Soil Science and Conservation
  Plant Physiology
  Ecology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-5036

文摘

Aims This study was aimed at testing the hypothesis that lettuce corky root (CR) disease caused by Rhizorhapis suberifaciens was less severe in organic than conventional farms, due to the absence of herbicide and fertilizer, and greater soil microbial activity in organic farms. Methods CR severity and soil quality were assessed in pairs of conventional and organic farms in California. To determine factors contributing to CR, effects of N fertilizer and pronamide herbicide were assessed on CR severity and plant weight in separate field experiments. Results CR was significantly more severe in conventional than organic farms, and there was a negative exponential relationship between CR severity and microbial activity. Split applications of soluble N fertilizer enhanced susceptibility to CR compared to pre-plant application of slow release N fertilizer. Pronamide increased disease severity on seedlings compared to untreated controls and reduced the dry weights of seedlings and mature heads. Conclusions Conventional practices, like fertilizer and herbicide use, increase plant susceptibility to and reduce microbial competition or antibiosis against R. suberifaciens in conventional lettuce production farms, potentially leading to enhanced environmental pollution due to a decrease in nutrient use efficiency and an increased need for fertilizer and water for diseased plants.