Genesis of the vein-type tungsten mineralization at Nyakabingo (Rwanda) in the Karagwe–Ankole belt, Central Africa
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- 作者：S. Dewaele ; F. De Clercq ; N. Hulsbosch ; K. Piessens ; A. Boyce…
- 关键词：Fluid flow ; Karagwe–Ankole belt ; Neoproterozoic ; Rwanda ; Tungsten mineralization
- 刊名：Mineralium Deposita
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：February 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：51
- 期：2
- 页码：283-307
- 全文大小：6,138 KB
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F. De Clercq (2)
N. Hulsbosch (2)
K. Piessens (3)
A. Boyce (4)
R. Burgess (5)
Ph. Muchez (2)
1. Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080, Tervuren, Belgium
2. Geodynamics and Geofluids Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
3. Geological Survey of Belgium, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, Jenner street 13, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
4. Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride, G75 0QF, Scotland, UK
5. School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK - 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
- 刊物主题：Earth sciences
Geology
Mineral Resources
Mineralogy - 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
- ISSN：1432-1866
文摘
The vein-type tungsten deposit at Nyakabingo in the central Tungsten belt of Rwanda is located in the eastern flank of the complex Bumbogo anticlinal structure. The host rock is composed of alternating sequences of sandstones, quartzites, and black pyritiferous metapelitic rocks. Two types of W-mineralized quartz veins have been observed: bedding-parallel and quartz veins that are at high angle to the bedding, which are termed crosscutting veins. Both vein types have been interpreted to have been formed in a late stage of a compressional deformation event. Both vein types are associated with small alteration zones, comprising silicification, tourmalinization, and muscovitization. Dating of muscovite crystals at the border of the veins resulted in a maximum age of 992.4 ± 1.5 Ma. This age is within error similar to the ages obtained for the specialized G4 granites (i.e., 986 ± 10 Ma). The W-bearing minerals formed during two different phases. The first phase is characterized by scheelite and massive wolframite, while the second phase is formed by ferberite pseudomorphs after scheelite. These minerals occur late in the evolution of the massive quartz veins, sometimes even in fractures that crosscut the veins. The ore minerals precipitated from a H2O–CO2–CH4–N2–NaCl–(KCl) fluid with low to moderate salinity (0.6–13.8 eq. wt% NaCl), and minimal trapping temperatures between 247 and 344 °C. The quartz veins have been crosscut by sulfide-rich veins. Based on the similar setting, mineralogy, stable isotope, and fluid composition, it is considered that both types of W-mineralized quartz veins formed during the same mineralizing event. Given the overlap in age between the G4 granites and the mineralized quartz veins, and the typical association of the W deposits in Rwanda, but also worldwide, with granite intrusions, W originated from the geochemically specialized G4 granites. Intense water–rock interaction and mixing with metamorphic fluids largely overprinted the original magmatic-hydrothermal signature. Keywords Fluid flow Karagwe–Ankole belt Neoproterozoic Rwanda Tungsten mineralization